Detection of Ions in Solutions Using Acid/Base Essay Example

Detection of Ions in Solutions Using Acid/Base Paper You will then conduct quality control testers and determine if the label on a bottle of over-the-counter product actually contains the percentage of compound that it advertises. What is a Titration? A titration is an analytical procedure used to determine the concentration of a sample by reacting it With a standard solution. One type Of titration uses a naturalization reaction, in which an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water. In equation 1, the acid is HCI (called hydrochloric acid) and the base is Noah (called sodium hydroxide), When the acid and base react, they form NCAA sodium chloride), which is also known as table salt. The titration proceeds until the equivalence point is reached, Where the number of moles of acid is equal to the number of moles of base. This point is usually marked by observing a color change in an added indicator. In a titration, the standard solution goes in a burette, which is a piece of glassware used to measure the volume of solvent to approximately 0. 1 ml of accuracy. The solution that you are titrating goes in an Erlenmeyer flask, which should be large enough to accommodate both your sample and the standard solution you are adding. What is an Indicator and What is it used For? An indicator is any substance in solution that changes its color as it reacts with either an acid or a base. Selecting the proper indicator is important because each indicator changes its color over a particular range Of pH values. Indicators are either weak acids or weak bases. For example, phenolphthalein is a weak acid (Which we Will represent as Hal). In aqueous solution, the phenolphthalein dissociates slightly, forming an equilibrium. An equilibrium occurs when the amount of reactants and the amount of products are constant. We will write a custom essay sample on Detection of Ions in Solutions Using Acid/Base specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Detection of Ions in Solutions Using Acid/Base specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Detection of Ions in Solutions Using Acid/Base specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When a system is in equilibrium, it Will stay there until something changes the conditions. A famous French chemist, named El Chatterer, developed a way to predict how changes in equilibrium affect the system. El Chatterers principle states that when an equilibrium is disturbed by applying stress, the equilibrium will shift to relieve the stress, In an acidic solution, there is an excess of HUH+ ions so the equilibrium will shift to the left and favor the for-nation of Hal, thus we observe a clear solution. In basic solution, there is an excess of OH- ions that react with the HUH* ions to form eater. This shifts the equilibrium to the right because water is being formed and HUHÂ ± ions are being removed, thus eve observe a pink solution. We can use this color change to determine when the end of the titration has been achieved. Table I lists common indicators and the pH range over Which they change colors. Measuring pH: How to Calibrate a pH Meter pH is a measure of acidity or basilica. An acid has a pH less than 7, a neutral compound (like water) has a pH near 7, and a base has a pH from 7-14 pH can be measured using either litmus (or indicator) paper, which changes color eased on the acidity of a solution, or by using a pH meter. A pH meter is a more accurate means Of measuring pH because it can be calibrated to measure one tenth of a pH unit, overhears the indicator paper only measures to one pH unit. A pH meter uses an electrode to measure the pH of a solution. The electrode is stored in distilled water in order to keep it at a neutral PH. To calibrate the pH meter: 1. Remove the electrode from the distilled water and place in pH 4 buffer, Which is pink. Make sure the electrode is completely covered in buffer and swirl the solution around. 2. Set the pH meter to pH a and then rinse the electrode With distilled water to remove any excess solution. . Place the electrode in pH 10 buffer (which is blue) and swirl it around in the solution. 4. Set the pH meter to pH 10 and rinse the electrode, returning it to the distilled water once you are finished. The pH meter should now be calibrated to measure any pH accurately. Standardizing a Sodium Hydroxide (Noah) Solution In a titration, it is critical to know the exa ct concentration of the iterant (the solution in the burette which will be added to the unknown) in order to determine he concentration of the solution being tested. We will standardize the -?0. M Noah solution (the iterant) with potassium hydrogen phthalate (KIP, KC8H404H) using phenolphthalein as the indicator, KIP is a weak acid and reacts with base in the following way: To Standardize: I _ Weigh -?0. 8 g of dried KIP (MM = 204 23 g/mol) into an Erlenmeyer flask and dissolve in 50-75 ml of distilled water. Record the amount of KIP and water used. 2. Add 4 drops Of indicator into the flask and titrate to the first permanent appearance of pink. Near the endpoint, add the Noah drowses to determine the total volume most accurately. Calculate the concentration Of Noah in the following way: Calculate Concentration of KIP: Calculate Concentration of Noah: Remember: There are 1000 ml in a Land 1000 MGM in a gram. 4. Report the concentration of Noah to the class. An average number will be determined to give the most reliable value of Noah concentration. Do not discard the remaining Noah you will use this for the rest of these experiments. Standardizing an HCI Solution the concentration of solutions being tested. We will standardize the -?0. 1 M HCI solution (the iterant) with sodium carbonate (Niacin) using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Niacin is a base and reacts with the strong acid HCI in the I _ Weigh -?0. 2 g Niacin into an Erlenmeyer flask and dissolve it in 50 ml of boiled, cooled distilled water. Record the exact amount of Niacin used in your notebook. (The water is boiled to expel CA from the solution. ) 2. Add 4 drops Of phenolphthalein to the solution and record the color. 3. Titrate with the HCI until just before the endpoint (when the solution is very light pink) and then gently boil the solution to expel the CA from solution that has been produced during the reaction (see CEQ 4). . Cool the solution to room temperature and then wash he sides of the flask with a small amount of H2O to get all of the sample back into solution. S. Finish the titration (this will take VERY little HCI so go slow! ) 6. Record the color of the solution and the volume of HCI used. 7. Calculate the concentration of HCI in the following way: Determination to Magnesium Hydroxide [MGM(OH)2] Content in Milk of Magnesia Milk of magn esia is a viscous, mildly basic mixture that is used to treat upset stomach and occasionally to prevent constipation. According to standards set by the pharmaceutical industry, milk of magnesia should contain at least 7% y weight We will be doing detective work to see if the pharmaceutical industry is being truthful in their claim by determining the weight percent of magnesium hydroxide in different bottles of milk of magnesia. An accurate analysis Of milk Of magnesia must measure the total both dissolved and suspended in solution. This is tricky because milk of magnesia exists as a White opaque solution so each sample may not be representative Of the whole bottle. To make the solution as homogeneous as possible, the bottle must be shaken thoroughly. Direct titration of milk of magnesia is difficult due to the cloudy suspension and he fact that some of the solution may cling to the sides of the flask, preventing complete titration and altering the measurement of the endpoint. The opaque solution may also make it difficult to detect the color change of the endpoint. For this reason, a back titration will be used to measure the weight percent MGM(OH)2 in milk of magnesia. Excess HCI will react with all of the MGM(OH)2 to yield a clear solution and then the excess unrelated acid will be back titrated with standardized Noah. The reactions in this titration are as tools: Procedure: I _ Obtain a vial filled with between I-I . G milk of magnesia and weigh the vial and sample without the lid on. Record the value. 2. Rinse the contents of the vial into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask With distilled water and dilute the solution to 50 ml total volume. Extra water can be used if milk of magnesia remnants remain in the vial. 3. Add a measured amount Of HCI (from a burette) into the beaker until the solution is clear and then add an additional 1-2 ml HCI to ensure there is an excess Of acid. Record the volume of HCI added. For a I g sample Of milk Of magnesia, this should be at least 30 ml HCI. ) Measure the pH of the solution sing a pH meter or pH paper and record the value. 4. Add 4 drops of indicator (what color is the solution? ) and titrate the solution with standardized Noah. The titration will go quickly, with less than 5 ml of Noah required. Record the volume of Noah used and the color of the solution, Measure the pH of the solution again and record the value. 5. Rinse the vial with distilled water and dry in an oven or in a microwave for 1 minute. When dry and cool, weigh the vial to determine the actual weight of the milk to magnesia sample. Make sure there is no water left in the vial! This will skew your results! Record the weight. 6. Calculate the weight percent to MGM(OH)2 in milk of magnesia using the following equation: Calculate the weight percentage of Milk of Magnesia: 7 _ Repeat with another sample of milk of magnesia from a different bottle to see if the weight percent of MGM(OH)2 is consistent from sample to sample. Questions: 1. Would the weight percentage of MGM(OH)2 be higher or lower if some of the milk Of magnesia sample got stuck on the sides Of the flask and was not titrated? Show the thought process for your answer. . Was there a consistent amount Of MGM(OH)2 in each bottle Of milk Of magnesia, or did the values change? Was the change dramatic or small? 3. How would the weight percentage of MGM(OH)2 change if the weight of the sample was measured incorrectly (for example, the vial was not washed thoroughly or some water remained, changing the weight)? 4. If you determined a different weight percent of MGM(OH)2 other than 7%, what do you think is the reason? Is there something in your determination that went wrong or are pharmaceutical companies giving us false information? Standardizing an EDIT (delimitation attractive acid) Solution elution in the burette that will be added to the unknown) in order to determine the concentration of the solutions being tested. We Will standardize a -0. 01 M DE TA solution (the iterant) by adding it to a calcium carbonate (Cacao) solution using hydroxylation blue as the indicator. EDIT is used because it can chalet (bind to a metal atom through many different bonds) so that it captures and surrounds the calcium in solution. EDIT can capture the metal through any Of its six donor atoms, indicated by boxes. In this experiment, one molecule Of EDIT captures one atom of calcium. EDIT . Weigh -?0. 25 g Cacao into a 250. 0 ml calibrated flask and dissolve it in a minimal amount of concentrated HCI. Then dilute with distilled water to the 250. 0 ml mark, Record the exact amount of Cacao used in your notebook. 2. Calculate the concentration of Cacao in the following way: 3. Transfer 25. 00 ml (measured with a calibrated pipette) into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask and dilute with an equal volume of water. 4 Add 1 M Noah to raise the pH to 12 (measure with a pH meter or pH paper). Fifth pH drops below pH 12 during the titration, add additional Noah. . Add 4-8 drops of hydroxylation blue indicator to the solution and record the color _ 6. Begin adding EDIT until the color change is observed. Record the color of the solution and the volume Of DE TA necessary to achieve this change. 7. Calculate the concentration of EDIT in the following way: Determination of Calcium in [emailprotected] by Back Titrat ion [emailprotected] is an orange drink that serves as an orange juice substitute, and astronauts drink Tango because it is easy to transport to space! Tang boasts that it is a good source of calcium despite containing only a fraction of the minimum daily requirement of Ca*. To test the manufacturers claim, we will determine the amount of calcium in [emailprotected] the use of a complimentary titration. A complimentary titration is a type of titration verge a complex is formed between an analyze and a iterant. The analyze is the ion you are testing for, here Ca+. The iterant is the EDIT that was previously standardized. During the course Of the titration, the EDIT Will capture one molecule Of Ca+ and bind to it, forming a colored complex. During the forward titration, each molecule of EDIT will capture one molecule Of Ca*. When all Of the Ca* is compelled, the solution Will change color and o will observe the endpoint. To check yourself, you will add additional EDIT to the solution and perform a back titration. Now there is excess EDIT floating in solution but no Ca* to bind to it. By adding Cacao, the EDIT can bind to the new source of Ca+, which leads to the next color change when all of the Ca+ has found an EDIT molecule. The color change at the endpoint will be hard to see due to the orange nature of the [emailprotected], so it will be necessary to perform a back titration.

The eNotes Blog At the Intersection of Poetry andMusic

At the Intersection of Poetry andMusic Four adaptations of poems set to music: some tender, some bizarre, all personal homages to poems and their masters. Enjoy! Im Nobody! Who Are You? by Emily Dickinson Composed by Israeli singer-songwriter Efrat Ben Zur. Im nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody, too? Then theres a pair of us dont tell! Theyd banish you know! How dreary to be somebody! How public like a frog To tell ones name the livelong day To an admiring bog! Sonnet 49 by Pablo Neruda The best loved love poet as sung by jazz artist Luciana Souza. Its today: all of yesterday dropped away among the fingers of the light and the sleeping eyes. Tomorrow will come on its green footsteps; no one can stop the river of the dawn. No one can stop the river of your hands, your eyes and their sleepiness, my dearest. You are the trembling of time, which passes between the vertical light and the darkening sky. To a Man Young and Old by William Butler Yeats A bit of an oddball, from the album Yeats is Greats by lo-fi San Francisco duo The Speakers. THOUGH nurtured like the sailing moon In beautys murderous brood, She walked awhile and blushed awhile And on my pathway stood Until I thought her body bore A heart of flesh and blood. But since I laid a hand thereon And found a heart of stone I have attempted many things And not a thing is done, For every hand is lunatic That travels on the moon. Open His Head by ee cummings Tin Hat performs one of their songs from the album The Rain is a Handsome Animal, which contains 17 songs inspired by ee cummings poetry. open his head,baby   youll  find  a heart in it (cracked) open that heart, mabel   youll  find  a bed in it (fact) open this  bed,sibyl   youll find a tart in it (wed) open the  tart,lady   youll  find  his mind in it (dead) (Feature Image via Unsplash)

Echinoderm Facts and Information

Echinoderm Facts and Information Echinoderms, or members of the phylum Echinodermata, are some of the most easily-recognized marine invertebrates. This phylum includes sea stars (starfish), sand dollars, and urchins, and they are identified by their radial body structure, often featuring five arms.  You can often see echinoderm species in a tidal pool or in the touch tank at your local aquarium. Most echinoderms are small, with an adult size of about 4 inches, but some can grow to as much as 6.5 feet in length. Different species may be found in a variety of bright colors, including purples, reds, and yellows.   Classes of Echinoderms The phylum Echinodermata contains five classes of marine life:  Asteroidea  (sea stars),  Ophiuroidea  (brittle stars and basket stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), and Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars). They are a diverse group of organisms, containing about 7,000 species. The phylum is regarded as one of the oldest of all animal groups, thought to have appeared at the start of the Cambrian era, about 500 million years ago.   Etymology The word echinoderm means  comes from the Greek word ekhinos, meaning hedgehog or sea urchin, and the word  derma, meaning skin. Thus, they are spiny-skinned animals. The spines on some echinoderms are more obvious than others. They are very pronounced in  sea urchins, for example. If you run your finger over a sea star, youll likely feel small spines. The spines on sand dollars, on the other hand, are less pronounced.   Basic Body Plan Echinoderms have a unique body design. Many echinoderms exhibit  radial symmetry, which means that their components are arranged around a central axis in a symmetrical manner. This means that an echinoderm has no obvious left and right half, only a top side, and a bottom side. Many echinoderms exhibit pentaradial symmetry- a type of radial symmetry in which the body can be divided into five equally-sized slices organized around a central disk. Although echinoderms can be very diverse, they all have some similarities. These similarities can be found in their circulatory and reproductive systems. Water Vascular System Instead of blood, echinoderms have a water vascular system, which is used for movement and predation. The echinoderm pumps sea water into its body through a sieve plate or madreporite, and this water fills the echinoderms tube feet. The echinoderm moves about the sea floor or across rocks or reefs by filling its tube feet with water to extend them  and then using muscles within the tube feet to retract them. The tube feet also allows echinoderms to hold on to rocks and other substrates and to grip prey by suction. Sea stars have very strong suction in their tube feet that even allows them to pry open the two shells of a bivalve. Echinoderm Reproduction Most echinoderms reproduce sexually, although males and females are virtually indistinguishable from one another when viewed externally. During sexual reproduction, echinoderms release eggs or sperm into the water, which are fertilized in the water column by the male. The fertilized eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae that eventually settle to the ocean bottom. Echinoderms can also reproduce asexually by regenerating body parts, such as arms and spines. Sea stars are well-known for their ability to regenerate arms that are lost. In fact, even if the sea star has only a small part of its central disk left, it can grow an entirely new sea star.   Feeding Behavior Many echinoderms are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of living and dead plant and marine life. They serve an important function in digesting dead plant material on the ocean floor and thereby keeping waters clean. Plentiful echinoderm populations are essential to healthy coral reefs. The digestive system of echinoderms is relatively simple and primitive compared to other marine life; some species ingest and expel waste through the same orifice. Some species simply ingest sediments and filter out the organic material, while other species are capable of catching prey, usually plankton and small fish, with their arms.   Impact on Humans While not an important source of food for humans, some forms of sea urchin are regarded as a delicacy in some parts of the world, where they are used in soups. Some echinoderms produce a toxin which is fatal to fish, but which can be used to make a medicine used to treat human cancers.   Echinoderms are generally beneficial to ocean ecology, with a few exceptions. Starfish, which prey on oysters and other mollusks, have devastated some commercial enterprises. Off the coast of California, sea urchins have caused problems for commercial seaweed farms by eating young plants before they can become established.

Reward and Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Reward and Performance - Essay Example In contrast, survey carried out by Kenneth Kovach depicted that employee's ranked good wages fifth among their top ten job reward factors. Therefore, there appears to be a difference in ideology of what motivates employees (Kovach, 1995). Motivation revels when in an organisation considers all factors affecting performance. (Ruebusch, 2003). These factors include individual needs, nature of the job i.e. degree of job challenge and goal clarity, job design, job security, organisational climate, a sense of personal significance, stability of expectations, recognition, trust, honest communication, dignity and respect, as well as an equitable reward system which will be discussed in great detail in the proposed thesis. The exigency to motivate employees with desirable rewards has hitherto salvaged a significant level of importance; this is because rewards can serve as motivators but could also have negative reactions should that supposed merit falls below employee's expectations. Therefore, this thesis seeks to examine the impact of valued rewards on performance in the banking industry utilizing the expectancy theory and two factor theory of motivation framework, while introducing other factors that influence the activity levels of performance. From my critical research on the literature on motivation, as well as the growing need by managers to find solutions to the question how do they motivate employees, I discovered a few conjectures that need to be addressed and elaborated upon in this dissertation. One aim is to ascertain the impact of valued rewards on individual and organisational performance and its effect on productivity and profitability. Then, conjuring strategies that improvises and sustains performance through the establishment of feedback channels, employee training and a friendly work environment can provide a breeding ground for trust. The examination of other variables besides rewards that affect performance such as the aforementioned job security and recognition among others must be in order so that variables can withstand and make a difference through the test of time. Finally, the determination of what rewards employees consider valuable enough to influence behaviour will allow management to be very sel ective to rewards that can profit the workers. Business organisations still face a lot of difficulties in the area of employee motivation. This poses a dilemma for employees' control of other factors of production in order to achieve goals, greater productivity and higher profits. In order to motivate people you must appeal to their deepest desires (Ruebusch, 2003). Managers should not expect a standard compensation plan or incentive program to have the similar effect on every employee. To procure top performance, compensation plans and incentive programs must be deftly tailored to meet the specific needs of each employee because employees of different ages and generational cohorts have varying needs over time (Jeffords et al, 1997). It has also been observed that extrinsic rewards have effect on employees to work proficiently. Therefore, this study will provide managers within the banking industry with a deeper insight into the needs of today's employees and rein them towards other reward trends which appear to boost employee mo rale and productivity. As highlighted by Herrera (2002), managers need to be concerned of the creation of workplace culture that

Islamic Politics and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Politics and Culture - Essay Example The main internal and external issues to be explored or followed by the Muslim societies to bring programmatic changes are: low status of women, low development investment, lack of secular education, emergence of political Islam and religious fundamentalism. Most of the Muslim societies are male dominated and this limits the upward mobility of the women in these societies. For instance, most of the Muslim societies in the Middle East are male dominated. This limits the women from entering the public domain and confines them within their private domain or family. This is an important problem to be solved because it is totally against individual freedom and liberty. The problem of low status of women is most critical in Islamic Republics like Iran. The Islamic societies show reluctance towards foreign investment and it curbs the development of these societies. To be specific, the Islamic societies, especially the Middle Eastern nations, consider that foreign investment may lead to the influence of Western culture and lifestyle over Islamic way of life. Besides, stories about the influence of extremism over the Muslim societies create much tension among the foreign investors. The multinational corporations are not ready to invest in the Muslim societies. This leads to low development investment and underdevelopment. The Muslim societies consider religious education helps an individual to live according to the Islamic way of life. Within this context, more importance is given to religious education and it leads to the negative attitude towards secular education. One can see that secular education is helpful to have a broader outlook of the world. On the other side, education based upon a specific religion hinders the development of an individual. So, lack of secular education leads the Muslim societies to consider that other religions are their enemies. The emergence of political Islam is another issue to be

The Development Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The Development Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Finally but not least, it discusses the significant impact of technology on the development of travel and tourism industry which is a big influence on the country. So overall all this assignment is informing you of how quality services and technology can develop the tourism industries and also makes work much easier and create a major impact on the country. It also assesses some good points on the community based tourism it tells how it can increase tourist in the country and helps to build up the economy and by creating a good marketing plan, having the right amount of capital, objectives and good support services it can be successful. The importance of delivering quality services in the hospitality industry. The importance of delivering quality services is basically to get a good impact on the industry to increase revenues. In agreement with (The importance of customer service in the hospitality industry, 1999-2012), Hotels, restaurants and other tourism-reliant business are included in the hospitality industry, each organization rely on effective customer service to earn industry accolades, positive media reviews, win repeat guests and increase revenue. So basically the good service you give off will make others come more to increase the revenue and to give the organization an excellent review. Quality services in some hospitality industry are poor and needs improvement but it is our major challenge. However in agreement with (William Lazer Layton, 1999), The hospitality managers if facing the major challenges in quality service delivery. It will be an essential condition for success in the emerging, keenly competitive, global hospitality markets, while the future importance of delivering quality hospitality service is easy to discern and to agree on, doing so presents some difficult and intriguing management issues. It is very important that all hospitality industry provide excellent quality service so it will build up the economy of the organization and country. 2 Differences between service delivery in the hospitality industry and service delivery in other businesses. Service delivery can be differentiated by the type of businesses youre running. Service delivery can be delivered both inside and outside of an organization but it depends on the type because most organization does not have outside service delivery. According to (Service delivery system, 2012), Hospitality and tourism services can be differentiated by the volume of customers processed and on the basis of variety offered. This can vary from a high-volume operation offering a very restricted range of products and services to a lower volume operation where every customer receives a unique or highly customized service. Another key variable in any service operation is the nature of the service contact. High contact has an extra level of social interaction associated with staff, while a low-contact service requires the staff to perform largely technical skills. Each requires a different approach, with a high level of contact requiring sophisticated social skills training, together with a g ood level of product knowledge, whereas a low level of contact requires simpler customer care and technical training. A low-contact service may also be suitable for substitution by information technology or self-service. Service delivery in businesses can be different in some cases. In some businesses the service can be delivered outside of the organization while some cannot. 3 TASK TWO Pros and cons of community based tourism and a discussion on the implications on the country as a whole. The Pros: The community based tourism has some advantages on both the communities and the country. Employment for community Some others are: according to (Williams Haye, 2006), Improved quality of life, Increased employment both directly and indirectly, increased opportunity for social and cultural interchange, increased income and improvement of infrastructure and enhancement of the community. Some other advantages are: according to (Oikos, 2009), It enables tourist to discover local habitats and wildlife, celebrate and respect traditional cultures, rituals and wisdom. The Cons: Some disadvantages of community based tourism are: Less transportations Less support in human resources and connection with marketing channels. Lack awareness of tourist Lack of skills Less capital Lack of recognition 4 Discussion: There are different implications of community based tourism on the country both advantages and disadvantages. Tourism in the country can help build up the economy and the community has a huge impact on the visitors which helps to increase the revenues. According to (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), The importance of this interaction is increasing as a result of the greater interesting contact with local people and their culture. Thus, physical assets are, by themselves, not sufficient to deliver a world class visitor experience. The host community must also be pleased to welcome tourists into their communities and take pride in the experience offered. This is why the WTO and other commentators insist that involving the community in the design (planning), development and management of the tourism experience is a necessary condition for the sustainable development of tourism. In Jamaica, the communities have played a role in the development of tourism. According to (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), To ensure stronger community involvement in the planning, development and management of tourism in Jamaica, the Master Plan aims to strengthen the community presence on the Resort Boards and co-ordination between the Resort Boards, parish councils and Parish Development Committees (PDCs) established by the Social Development Commission (SDC). Ventures sponsored by or involving the community would be eligible for receiving finance on preferential terms and technical support from a Community Support Unit at TPDCO. 5 The Resort Boards would be made responsible for all aspects of the interface between the visitor and local people, including involving local organizations in the management of anti-harassment and the resort patrols. Community based tourism can uplift the citizens and show them a brighter future. According to (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), Tourism has the potential to become a tool for economic and social uplifting of the people of Jamaica. If it can play such a role and that role is brought to the attention of the people of Jamaica, a far greater number would consider them as benefiting from the industry and so, hopefully, would be committed to the delivery of an excellent visitor experience. The Master Plan attempts to enable the tourism industry to play the role of providing the means to social and economic uplifting through a combination of improving the linkages between tourism and other industries, improving the opportunities for local people to sell goods and services to visitors and using tourism to make viable investments in civic facilities. It is planned also to make visible the impact that tourism has on social conditions by publicizing more widely the role i t plays in developing civic facilities and strengthening the JTBs educational programmed in schools. 6 In order for Jamaica to exceed in the increase of tourism they have to improve most of their products which they know most tourists looks forward to buy. In agreement with (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), Within the tourism industry, the share of underperforming sub-sectors such as small hotels, guest houses, villas and apartments, food and beverages, leisure and entertainment, sports and transport must be increased. Further afield, the linkages with arts and crafts, agriculture and small businesses generally need to be improved. Improving these linkages with other sectors would help also to increase the role played by tourism as a lead industrial sector in pulling through other sectors of the Jamaican economy and so its effect on economic development generally. Community based tourism would have a good impact on the country because first of all it plays a big role and if the CBT develop a good marketing objectives and strategies to get the information worldwide it will bring tourist to the country and not only the country will get a good review but the community as well and it will benefit from it and not only that but it would make tourist wants to explore and learn more about other places in the country. 7 Discussion on community based tourism is an alternative type of tourism that can be used to diversify the Jamaica Tourism Product and provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage. The main elements of tourism product are: Accommodation, Transportation, attraction and tours, dining and entertainment and support services. So basically the community based tourism can help improve all areas because it plays a minor role in the country. Community based tourism can join partnership with the Jamaica Tourism Product (JTP) and provide them with a variety of different communities with various beautiful attraction to be one of their main product of attraction, which will help them to increase their revenues and bring in more visitors which will be benefited to both. Each group will have to address and see what their weakness is, in both social and physical infrastructure. Jamaica Tourism Product can provide the communities with transportation to and from the accommodation and also give the visitors a tour of each community which can be included in the all inclusive package. Working together can both be a good thing for the country because it will increase the economy by number of visitors that comes into the country and it will also give the country a good name and good reviews. 8 Community Based Tourism and Jamaica Tourism Product can provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage. Basically each group would have a major development in all the areas that tourists love the most and by working well in their areas, finding ways to make each visit more differently and interesting and also by improving, making it better and better throughout each year there will be a increase in economy. Each group competing against each other would be a big impact on Jamaica and everyone will benefit from what they are doing. 9 TASK 3 Some impacts of Technology on the development of travel and tourism industry. Technology has a lot of impact on travel and tourism industry. It helps to make work a lot easier and much faster. According to (Youell, 2012), Developments in technology in jet aircraft and computer technology have contributed to the growth in domestic and international travel and tourism. Technological factors travel and tourism has always been an industry that has made extensive use of new technology equipment. Central reservation system (CRS), the use of computers in travel agencies and sophisticated databases for marketing purposes are now ordinary. Increase in competition within the industry will force organizations to use new technology to the full. New developments in transportation make extensive use of new technology, for example the Channel Tunnel, the advances in aircraft design and opening up new long-haul destinations. Technology has made it possible for people to accomplish multiple tasks within a time period and it has also brought advancement in many economic and business sectors which include travel and tourism industry. 10 Technology in the travel and tourism industry makes things more advanced, professional, less work and makes things run much faster. According to (The impact of technology on tourism, 2012), The tourism industry is one of the most relevant examples in the context of a changing global environment. The pace of this change has most likely been set by the rapid technological advancements. Some of these new technologies have been integrated in tourism operations. The most eloquent example in this sense is the emergence of the internet, which led to reduced costs and increased operational efficiency within the tourism agencies and airports. Aside the internet, other major technologies that supported the continuous growth of the tourism industry are those implemented by transportation, which became safer, quicker and more pleasing. Finally, the technological implementations within tourism operations have led to modifications in working habits and have also generated an increased demand for l abor force, implying as such that educational institutions place more emphasis on teaching tourism. So basically technology has a serious impact on travel and tourism it makes every aspect of completing daily task a lot easier and it also helps to develop the country. Without technology things would be slower and visitors wouldnt be able to book online if wanting to visit other country and that would be more work for hotel employees and it wouldnt make us citizens be aware of what is going on in the country. So having technology in both travel and tourism is major impact without it maybe we would have to get things done in a slower pace. 11 CONCLUSION I have concluded that good quality service in both the hospitality and other business industries have a positive impact on the country. A first impression determines how a guest will enjoy their stay and must always treat visitors like how we would want to be treated. Good quality service will keep customers and tourists coming back and it will also leave an excellent review of the business which will make others want to come to the country or firm. Service delivery in hospitality industry and other businesses are different in some extend for example in the hospitality industry some of their services can only be delivered within the organization while for some others their services can be delivered outside of the firm/organization. I also concluded that community based tourism plays a major role in a country and both can benefit from it. It also uplift the residents in the communities by earning income as land managers, entrepreneurs, service and produce providers, and employees. Technology is a major impact in the travel and tourism industry it makes work much easier and faster. It creates less confusion and helps to develop the industry in a more professional way. 12

Dr. Seuss “The Cat in the Hat”, Order vs. Chaos

Order and Chaos If you wanted to understand order vs. chaos better, one might look into the world renowned books of Dr. Seuss. His literature is not only clever and fun to read, but it also holds a lot of messages if you look deep enough. Reading one of his famous books, The Cat in the Hat, you can depict the Order vs. Chaos by looking at the Cat (Chaos) and the Goldfish (Order). The Cat at one point balances a teacup, some milk, a cake, three books, the Fish, a rake, a toy boat, and even his umbrella while he’s on top of a ball just to upset the Goldfish. The cat can be referred to as overwhelming Chaos who is despised by Order. The fish, though, is too paranoid and uptight while not paying attention to the fun in life. The fish is referred to as overwhelming Order. Now what’s the balance? Well, the kids are the balance. While overwhelming Chaos is trying to entertain them and persuade them to take part in his activities and overwhelming Order is trying to straighten them up as strict as possible, the kids do neither.The kids listen to both ideas, though, but do not take part in either. I feel Dr. Seuss showed his true creativity by symbolizing how too much Chaos or too much Order can become overwhelming and dominate someone’s life in a bad way and showing that a balance between both can be a healthy way to live. Works Cited The Cat in the Hat. Dir. Bo Welch, 8 November 2003. Perf. Michael Myers, Dakota Fanning, Spencer Breslin, and Alec Baldwin. DVD.