Information Technology and its effects in Working practices Essay

Information Technology has a great effect on society today, changing lives of many people in school, home and at work. I will be looking at how information technology has had a great effect in working practices. Technology has changed the lives of both employees and employers bringing both advantages and disadvantages. The topic, which I will be looking at, is teleworking and what are its advantages and disadvantages to both the employee and the employer. Teleworking Teleworking, sometimes called telecommuting, means working from home using modern technology to keep in touch with your business. Often teleworkers are based at home but they can also work from telecenters and satellite offices. Heathcote (1998) says Teleworking involves carrying out work away from the office and communicating with the employer through the use of computer and telecommunications equipment. Jobs can be relocated to places where it is more attractive, more convenient or cheaper to live. At present, teleworking is most advanced in the U.S. with only 3% of European employees engaged in teleworking along with an estimated 20 million worldwide. Predictions are that by the year 2006, the number could increase. Teleworking is facilitated by the recent rapid advances in the power of enabling technologies coupled with a significant reduction in their prices. These technologies include e-mail, ISDN, PCs, high speed modems and so on. Tools Needed For Teleworking To enable an employee to efficiently work from home they need the right equipment to enable them to do so. This is why the correct tools are essential. Here are the results of a survey conducted by (Http: 1) 99% of teleworkers have a PC.Teleworkers ask for ‘financial recompense for wear and tear on own equipment (and home PC hard disk space)’. 95% use the telephone for business calls.Teleworkers ask for ‘an additional phone line to work online and talk on the phone’. 87% own a modem:99% use the internet for research, retrieving information for their job and the email. Teleworkers request ‘cheaper internet access/cheaper ISDN lines’. Only 63% use a fax in their teleworking routine.Teleworkers request ‘lower telecommunication costs offered to teleworkers by the service sector’. Teleworkers also use: – 24% Photocopier 19% ISDN 4% Videoconferencing 3% Tools Equipment is usually bought from the employees themselves although now more and more employers are responsible for providing equipment for employees. This also includes costs for damages and any upgrades that might be needed. Advantages and Disadvantages for the Employee Some employees find that the advantage of teleworking is that they have flexible hours, they can still work when they want to and still be able to spend time at home with the family and there normal household jobs. However some people teleworkers find that this is a disadvantage as they are unable to separate work from family life, which is a cause of tension in the home as they are unable to talk to family members. Working from home is also known to reduce stress of employees as they find that they can work better in the comfort of their own home rather than in a busy office environment.  Although this is not always the case as some employees find that working at home is a distraction from their work especially if they have young children in the home that need them constantly. They also find themselves becoming lazy and try to put off doing work as long as possible and do not have the enthusiasm that they would have in their work than if they were working in an office. Another advantage of teleworking is that teleworkers are able to work in teams and can do their work together by contacting each other through telephone, e-mail or fax. Many teleworkers however disagree with this as they say that they do not have enough support from the office or work mates and it is difficult to contact them and communicate over a telephone. Johnson. M. (1997). Another advantage is that there is more work opportunities for employees. This is a specific advantage for the disabled and people from other countries. Disable who would not normally be able to work can work from there own home without having to travel, which can be a problem and have all the equipment that they need. This can also mean better work opportunities for people who cannot work during normal office hours. Many employees benefit from not having to move away from home to work. This means that they save money on travel costs such as petrol and car repairs. It also means that they spend extra hours working that a normal person would spend travelling to work. Constant delays and traffic is also a known cause for stress and can make workers tired when they arrive at work. A disadvantage for teleworkers is that they can become unsocial as they stay at home and do not get to meet new people or socialise with friends. However some employees say that they are glad that they do not have to socialise with colleagues especially if they find it difficult to get on with people and they work better when they don’t have someone looking over their shoulder checking on them Zabar.D.J. (2002). Teleworkers have less chance of being promoted or having any bonuses this can make them feel less enthusiastic about their work. Advantages and Disadvantages for the Employer An advantage to employers is that they can save on costs such as workspace, electricity, heating and lighting. Although there are other costs to the employer such as paying for communication costs and some employers will provide equipment for their employees as well. Employers have also said that employees that who work at home produce better work although as I have mentioned before this is not always the case. As employees become lazy when they do not have a supervisor to watch them. Another advantage is that employers have flexible staffing they can now employ more experienced and more knowledgeable staff from around the world. A disadvantage is that it is difficult for employees to see how well they are working and if they are putting their full amount of effort into their work â€Å"If I can’t see them, I can’t control them.† Also as information is constantly going to be sent through the Internet the company is more prone to hackers who want to steel or view their confidential data. What Would Improve Teleworking For Employees A survey conducted by (http: 2) asked a majority of teleworkers what would improve teleworking for them. The results are as follows: – 10% say they would like better support from the office 23% say that would like more communication with employees 30% say that they would like to have better equipment 37% say that they would like a better home working environment I have taken these results and have produced them on a graph: – These statistics were received from (http:3) I then converted these figures in form of a chart. General Statistics These statistics were also received from http: 3: – In 1993 there were only 130,000 people teleworking, or half a percent of the workforce. A year later this figure jumped to 560,000. Teleworking statistics were first introduced in the Labour Force Survey in 1997 and have grown by an average of 13 percent a year. Over the period 1997 to 2001, the total increase in teleworking is up by between 65 and 70 percent, with further growth predicted. The majority of teleworkers are men (67 percent), while they make up only 53 percent of the workforce. Teleworkers are predominately from the following industry groups: professional; managerial and senior officials; and associate professional and technical. Although the self-employed are strongly represented among teleworkers, their share is decreasing. International comparisons show that teleworking in the UK is just above the average for ten EU countries covered by a recent survey. Germany and France have the smallest proportion of employed people working as teleworkers, while Finland has the highest proportion. From the above it is evident that there are both advantages and disadvantages to both the employee and the employer. Even with disadvantages teleworking is still said to be expanding all over the world and it has been predicted that it will carry on doing so. Bibliography Heathcote. P.M. (1998) Information Technology, Payne Gallway: Ipswich Http: 1, Teleworking Today, Available online at http://www.si-cbx.com/teleworking/twfacts.html. Date of download 10th of November 2002 Http: 2, Teleworking, Available online at http://www.teleworker.org/articles/teleworking.html. Date of Download 10th of November 2002 Http: 3, Teleworking in the UK, Available online at http://www.national.statistics.gov.uk/telworking.htm. Date of download 12th of November 2002 Johnson. M. (1997) Teleworking in Brief, Butterworth-Hienman, Kent Lynch .F. (1999), Information Analysis, AT Foulks Ltd, Middlesex Zabar.D.J. (2002), Teleworking and Telecommuting, Made Ez Products, Reading.

Goethe’s plotting Essay

In the intellectual history of Europe, Johann Wolfgang yon Goethe is central to the development of Romantic thinking, which was contemporary in his day. Goethe attempted to see the world in a new light; he reconsiders old questions of good and evil, as well as questions about human nature. The story of Faust allows such considerations. Romantics strive for something beyond their reach, beyond anyone’s reach. Contentment is not their goal. One place that we see Faust’s striving is in his conversation on â€Å"unrest† with Wagner (699-702). Just as Wagner illustrates the normal academic who thinks that books hold all the answers he needs, Faust as a Romantic has come both to realize the limitations of what’s in books and to be unwilling to accept those limitations. Wagner thinks Faust should enjoy the reputation he has as a doctor among the peasants, but Faust knows the reputation is a sham. He and his father were in truth helpless against the ravages of the plague (although they obviously at least comforted the sick). Faust’s aspirations permit him to make a bargain with Mephistopheles, especially since a part of the bet involves Mephistopheles’ belief that Faust will eventually enjoy contentment. Rather than seeking knowledge, which had been a goal of the Faust of German and English tradition, Goethe’s Faust seeks experience and feeling. This also makes his quest apart of the Romantic tradition. The Romantic hero must approach life’s mysteries by active participation, not by reflection. When Faust and Mephistopheles see the witch for her medicine, what Faust wants is youth, so that he can experience what he may have missed while he was absorbed in his studies. And what he comes to want then is Margaret, the peasant maid who looks like a beauty to the revitalized man. The Romantic has spiritual goals, but they’re usually outside of conventional religions. We see this most directly in the scene between Gretchen and Faust. She wants him to be a Christian, but Faust’s spirituality cannot be contained by dogma. To follow this Romantic thread, think of Christianity as a revealed religion, embraced by the European and German society of the time. It made many late eighteenths and early nineteenth century people feel safe and secure. You can see how this picture of comfort might fall outside of the Romantic’s striving, since he seeks a mystery beyond the conventional. The Romantic hero must be willing to break free of bounds, no matter the consequences. Another key romantic characteristic is a faith in nature as a creative source, as both a source of comfort and energy. Faust expresses his enthusiasm early when he contrasts the value of experiencing nature with the deadness of books (685). What impresses him about Easter is the revitalizing force of spring rather than the story of Jesus (695-6). It is the exalted spirit of nature that he credits with allowing him to penetrate Gretchens heart, and that he credits with giving him the companion Mephistopheles 747-48 -48). Conclusion Besides a faith in nature, romantics idealize childhood and women, seeing in them a purity and honesty of emotions that are difficult to attain in the intellectual and adult worlds. This romanticism can be seen in Goethe’s plotting, as he has the church bell remind Faust of his childhood so that the character does not commit suicide early in the play. Also, the love affair with Gretchen leads to the drama’s climax. References Faust Supplemented Study Guide: Retrieved from World Wide Web http://faculty. southwest. tn. edu/llipinski/ENGL2320T201/content/lesson18_handout. htm Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Faust, Publisher, Oxford University Press, 1998.

African Americans and the Military

Even before the United States was listed as a country, African Americans already served in the army. From small villagers' militiamen to military and seamen, African Americans strengthened their efforts to defend and eventually acquired their freedom. The struggle for unifying and recognizing black soldiers is a slow job. According to President Harry S 's presidential decree in 1948, until the end of the Second World War, the US forces were completely legally unified. The African American first joined the army on June 1, 1942. More than 2.5 million African-American men were enrolled in military drafts and African-American women volunteered to serve during the war. During the war, the admission rate of African Americans reached the highest ever in history, and the number of people serving in the army exceeded one million people. However, the US military is still seriously isolated. Air Force and Marines did not hire African Americans, and the Navy accepted African Americans as chef an d waiter. The army has only five African American officials. In addition, during the war, no African Americans receive the Medal of Honor, their mission in the war is mainly reserved for noncombat troops. During the Civil War, African Americans played an important role in EFF. More than 200,000 African Americans, equivalent to 10% of all troops, work for allied forces. 37,000 people died in the fight for the league. Most are slaves serving in isolation forces of the Caucasian officer. African-American soldiers do not have the same rights as Caucasians. Caucasian soldiers are $ 13.00 per month and clothing allowance is $ 3.00, but African-American soldiers earn 10 dollars per month and deduct $ 3.00 from clothing income. However, on June 15, 1864, African-American soldiers received equal pay. African Americans were very suspicious at the beginning of the civil war. Alliance Navy accepted African-American volunteers. Frederick Douglas believes that if African Americans fight them, the y will help African Americans have the right of equality. At what age many children have helped them in civil war. Because of the African-Americans' disadvantage, black units are not used in battle like the past. However, African Americans have fought in countless fights. African Americans are fighting bravely. As the alliance needed a soldier, the North leader saw another reason for African Americans to participate in the civil war. Congress said loudly they wanted to recruit them because they think they might have more soldiers

Commentary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Commentary - Article Example Whether Potus would be victorious following the allegations of corruption and dictatorship in his previous government was the greatest question. Sara Wise laments on low voter turnout. Wise creates the sense by illustrating American presidential elections and the significant variations in voter turnout. According to Wise, the greatest challenge would be potential of high voter illiteracy. Based on previous statistics, it is evident that most American presidents ascended to office by a representation of few voters. Most registered ensuring voter education. Martha Gans, in her evaluation of Detroit city, finds out that the bankruptcy rate is high, and the city is in the verge of becoming a wasted state. She says that that the leadership of republicans aims at ensuring that the city falls. The city that was once rich turned to borrowing and outsourcing employees leaving that rendered locals jobless. The only appeal from her is to president to bail the city out through federal government (Gans 34). Drug cartels operations are the greatest challenge to nations bordering Mexico. Montserrat asserts that the problems of drug abuse in America can only be addressed by passing stringent regulations. The drug menace can only offer short-term solutions since Mexico drug barons may still look for ways of smuggling drugs into the nation. The two affected states must set uniform laws to address drug

How does the U.S. Economy affect the global economy Essay

How does the U.S. Economy affect the global economy - Essay Example The United states directly buys goods from other countries. The countries that offer their low -priced goods to the American consumers include China, India, European nations, Southern American states. Many United States companies like McDonalds, Unilever, Kentucky Fried Chicken and 7 eleven 24 hours have set up their branches in many major cities around the world.In 2006, "The mighty United States stock market is defying gravity. The unbelievable element is that the Dow Jones Industrial Average--the Americans' main share-price index--is roaring, against a slew of evidence that beyond Wall Street, America's broader economy is in very serious trouble. The Dow has in past days hit a new high, touching 11,720, a level not seen since January 2000, when shares surged off the back of post-millennium hubris and the dotcom boom"(Halligan, 2006, p. 14). This caused many stockbrokers in the United States and other stock exchanges around the world that the United States economy looked ghastly. T his is of course apologies to Al Gore in his inconvenient truth theory. The United States economy had grown by only a lowly 2.6 percent for the second quarter of 2006. This is lower than the 5.6 percent figure from the first quarter of 2006. Evidently, the United States economy is the world's largest economy. For, the United States is the biggest buyer and importer country in the world. Thus, any economic situation in the United States will definitely affect the economies of other countries in the world. The slump in the United States economy has been brought about by the slow down in consumer spending. Another major reason is that the United States housing market had finally cracked open. The house prices were two percent lower than the prior year, 2005. This resulted to the first fall in the value of United States properties starting in 1996. The Americans had borrowed large sums of money to pay for their new homes. This spending spree in the United States had brought the country' s growth and creation of millions of housing related jobs. In response, there was an increase in imported goods from Asia and Europe. Thus, the other countries were able to benefit from the increase in the United States economy. However, the robust housing economy ended sadly. There was a glut in house sales. The stocks of unsold houses was sixty percent higher than the unsold houses of the prior year, 2005. Thus, the people cut down on their spending habits because their income was tied to paying the high debts brought about by the buying of houses. A halt in the buying spree resulted to a low store sales. A slow store sales caused the retrenchment of some of its employees. One reason for the economic downturn in the United States is that the rising cost of oil has been aggravated by the rising inflation problem here (Halligan, 2006, p. 14). In 2006, the world inflationary pressure were increasing, One of the factors creating this world economic debacle is the rising oil prices. However, the impact of rising oil prices on inflation and output is currently muted as compared to prior inflationary periods in the United States and the world. This global imbalance where the global growth rate had hastened to 5.1 percent in 2006 and slowing back in 2007 to the tune of 4.7 percent has caused global imbalances that stayed pegged with the U.S. dollar foreign currency exchange rate falling at another thirty percent has cut into half the U.S current account deficits. However, the U.S. economy had only grown by three percent a year in 2006 an last year, 2007. The current economic slowdown in the United States is caused by increasing inflationary pressures. On the other side of the world, the Japanese economy has been self sustaining and its gross domestic product had risen

The politics of cultural stereotyping in Los Vendidos Research Paper

The politics of cultural stereotyping in Los Vendidos - Research Paper Example Los Vendidos talks of a time in California when policies regarding race regularly emphasized the differences between black and white, rather than talking of them as one unified whole. The governorship of Ronald Reagan was a prominent cause for this, as his policies regarding race relations have been widely condemned as racist and one where class plays an important role; with poor African Americans facing the brunt of his policies (Reagan). The reference to Reagan in Los Vendidos, is thus not a passing remark on the part of Valdez. It is an overt critique of Reagan, who was then the Californian governor. Miss Jimenez is a character who has moved beyond the lower class beginnings of the Mexican immigrants that Honest Sancho initially shows her, when she asks for a representative of the Mexican American community for the campaign that Reagan intends to carry out. The story thus points to the degeneration of democratic politics into a system where it becomes merely a system where people of different communities are trapped in the form of vote banks. Valdez pokes fun at this tendency by pointing out the utter lack of agency that such representatives possess within the democratic setup that is thus envisaged. He also highlights the bitter truth of the Mexican American himself/herself choosing to stereotype people of his/her own community. This is exactly what Miss Jimenez seems to be doing (Chabram-Dernersesian, 130-45). She moreover, desires to move out of the stereotype that is forced upon her by the mainstream American society, thereby showing that stereotypes are created both by the mainstream and the marginalized sections of the society. By the end of the play, the three Mexican American men, hitherto thought to be robots, by declaring themselves human, come out of the stereotypes that are created for them by the society. They choose also to remain outside the realm of the stereotypes that Mexican Americans choose to create for themselves by uniting for the caus e of the Mexican community and thereby breaking the boundaries that are created within the Mexican American community by people like Miss Jimenez. Miss Jimenez represents the bourgeoisie who chooses to dissociate herself from her own marginalized community so as to try and be a part of the mainstream society. Her need for disguising herself as a â€Å"white washed Mexican† is something that Valdez chooses to poke fun at (Valdez). The recognition of the need for a collective action on the part of marginalized ethnic groups across the world and the need for a nation to be wary of the bourgeoisie which seeks to stifle any such attempt at revolution is what stays with the reader at the end of the story. The play also seeks to undercut the idea of the United States of America as the melting pot of all cultures, and a place where every culture is accepted, an image that is summed up in the phrase, ‘the American Dream’, which seems to promise immigrants a free society t hat does not discriminate between its citizens on superficial grounds such as race. The idea of an egalitarian America has been undercut by many writers of non-white origin during the twentieth century. This idea, which dates back to the puritanical idea of America as a utopian land was one that was created by its white settlers. The need for creating such a society through revolution and unrest is articulated in this play by the three characters who turn out to be humans and not robots, at the end of the pla

Kelloggs Special K Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Kelloggs Special K - Essay Example The company was established at the Battle Creek Toast Corn Flake Company in 1906. It was founded by Will Keith Kellogg to illustrate the increase in his wealth from his work with the brother John Harvey Kellogg at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. The wealth had been created out of sale of Kellogg's Toasted Corn flakes on a huge scale. This led to the renaming of the company into Kellogg Company in 1922 (Kellogg Company, 2011). The strength of the company lies in its world-class innovation abilities. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS The internal analysis of Kellogg Company is that it focuses on business. Its senior management is aimed at becoming the leader in food retailing industry worldwide. To achieve this, they are empowering their employees and building their brand supported by the integrated focus strategy and operating principles. The foundation of its business lies in its values, its people and its societal commitments. Its core competencies are the skills among the employees that provide th e advantage to the company consisting of the resources available. Kellogg's has far reaching; well defined and clear competences to enable them beat a world’s best. The competences are; it is strategic, functional, and has a corporate ability. It has a flexible structure of organization that fits in the demands and needs of the locals. Kellogg has been developing its image through creating a customer values, customer service efficiency and proper channels of distribution. The Marketing Mix â€Å"Marketing Mix is a well established framework that helps marketers to plan their approach to each market† (Smith. & Chaffey, 2005). Marketing mix of Kellogg’s which is mainly concerned with cereal products, being the major producer of cereal in the world. Consumer wants are fulfilled through the products sold. The current world has consumers that are much more concerned with their health; they tend to buy food products that are healthier especially for their children. Ke llogg’s K special has a range of products that meet the customer demands that are currently higher than expected. They have products that are low in fat, have no preservatives and they have no artificial flavors. There packaging is attractive to children because their mail target is children. Kellogg's supplier power lies under its customers. It poses mainly medium power when purchasing from suppliers. Wheat varies in price because of its extensive force and the cost is passed onto customers of Kellogg’s. Michael Porter’s Five Forces theory states that an industry is influenced by five forces, which are Barriers to Entry, Supplier Power, Buyer Power, Degree of Rivalry and Threat of Substitutes (Kurtz et al., 2009). Kelloggs is not an exception at all and the effect of the forces is evident in its financial as well as managerial reports. Kellogg's product lines are cereals, crackers, cookies, snacks, frozen foods and water. The benefits that a consumer gets are h ealthy products that are standard in nature. The products are manufactured in over 17 countries and are marketed in more than 190 countries according to their annual reports for 2009. The highest consumers are the North America with a 67% margin followed by Europe at 20% then Latin America and Asia Pacific at 8% and 5% respectively. Buyers of Kellogg's products are mostly supermarkets and

Problems Associated of a Common Currency as Illustrated by the Current Essay

Problems Associated of a Common Currency as Illustrated by the Current EU Crisis - Essay Example Similarly, it has been a key achievement in that about 330 million European Union populations utilize it as their currency and benefit from its advantages. Although the use of a common currency may be beneficial to member states, it may have some various shortcomings. For instance, experts agree that there are various challenges associated with the use of a unified currency – as Eurozone member states are learning. Even though, the first few years of using a common currency went impressively, breaks have started appearing on the Eurozone as the global crisis intensifies, (Gabrisch and Ru?diger, 45). The original objective of the Euro was to enhance the overall economic productivity of the European countries, as fragile, minority nations had changed to be increasingly competitive. On the contrary, fragile nation enjoyed increased purchasing supremacy without the need of producing extensive products and services. Similarly, overall growth of productivity reduced in Europe from a bout 1.7 yearly prior to the euro to half the cost since. Additionally, euro suffers from the disintegrated political authority that controls its economy. Each member state can issue it independent debt; the euro is beneficial and useful in about 16 diverse bond markets, (Horngren, Srikant and Madhav 63). Similarly, each economy designs its own expenditure policies and tax; some nations now experience debts greater than their GDP. Similarly, while the counties have been exempted from the currency fluctuations impacts, euro states now experience a diverse – sometimes extremely painful – effect from the global investors’ whims. Borrowing costs in increasingly obligated nations such as Spain and Portugal are increasingly advanced than of Germany that has accrued the enormous pile of savings. In addition, these nations experience diverse painful choices that they did not have to address in the past when they could devaluate their domestic currency. For instance, Ita ly experiences some stark options, which continue to mess up with the economic growth of the country. Italy contemplates on whether to boost productivity by reducing wages, or leave the euro and devaluate national debts and design its local currency, (Grauwe 89). However, pursuing such decisions would make the situation extremely difficult for Italy to borrow. Some euro nations with extensive debts experience downward spirals as these debts deepen costs leading to increased tax or low spending. Reducing future costs of borrowing implies increasing productivity – via either layoffs or reduction of wage or both. None of these options is likely to receive much support by the day of election. A common currency enhances reduced and steady inflation, stability in the rate of exchange and strong public finance between members of European Union. For instance, some Eurozone nations have reported experiencing financial crisis because of shared currency. Additionally, experts agree that Euro was designed on the basis on a false premise that a common currency would result to unification of economic performance among members. For instance, Greece would resemble Germany and Portugal would resemble Finland. In fact, the creation of Euro has resulted to intensification of the gap between developed and developing nations as

Individual privacy vs. National Security Research Paper

Individual privacy vs. National Security - Research Paper Example These efforts by the government were aimed at enhancing national security. The mode or tactics applied by the federal government to ensure national security has raised question from the public concerning the cost the public needs to pay for a secure nation. Civil liberties are personal freedoms and guarantees that are beyond the control and regulation of the federal government. With the current anti terrorism trend, the government has been forced to draw a boundary between civil liberties and war on terrorism. The federal government should promote civil liberties and democracy despite the current security concerns. This analyzes the importance of maintaining personal privacy without compromising national security and war against terrorism. The US patriot act was introduced after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. According to our research findings, the Act was introduced to unite American and prevent any future acts of terrorism (Sunstein, 2003). The Act was therefore meant to prevent terrorism by punishing terrorists across the United States and around the world. Fighting terrorism is a good thing however; the American government seems to have taken the fight to an extreme end. This is because the war on terrorists ended up on people’s doorstep making them to become victims of the war. Since the implementation of the Patriot Act, the First and Fourth Amendment were changed to heighten war on terror. This led to a compromise on people’s freedoms. Firstly, the first and Fourth amendment considered the national security as a priority. Since the implementation of the Patriot Act, the first and fourth amendments were changed to enhance national security. This implied that according to the act the authorities had the rights to vary and at sometimes compromise people’s freedom in their fight against terrorism. Personal privacy is a civil liberty; according to the constitution, the government has a duty to ensure that it protects human righ ts. The national Act was designed to fight terrorism, had little or no concern over individual privacy and civil liberties. Although fighting terrorism to ensure national security is, a good thing for the government it is costly and therefore the government needed to think otherwise. The cost that the government incurred in ensuring national stood out as an opportunity cost. The government needed to consider the opportunity cost that it suffered in ensuring national security at the expense of civil liberties. From the investigations, it was found out that the government incurred heavy costs through Loss of credibility and trust among its people. If the government considered these cost then it could have realized that enhancing civil liberties was beyond national security. Fighting terrorists is the responsibility of the government. I have no any problem with the efforts the government took to fight terrorists. Every American citizen believes that war against terrorist compromises pe ople’s democracy and should have been controlled. Democracy was established to enhance people’s freedom on their movement, speech, and personal privacy among other civil liberties. Personal privacy is a civil liberty and hence a symbol of democracy. From the investigation, it was established that the authorities had difficulties distinguishing terrorists from citizens.

President Ronald Reagan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

President Ronald Reagan - Term Paper Example One such example of a nation with rich history of leaders is the United States. In the modern society of the United States, the president is viewed as the greatest leader of the country. The US has had its share of its own leaders, from the first presidents and community heads, to today’s president, Barrack Obama. One of these leaders of the American nation who served as a president is Ronald Reagan. He has numerous contributions during his term, but one must objectively assess these contributions, so as to fully appreciate whether these contributions and achievements had any real impact or effect. In relation, this paper will then look into the said contributions and achievements of a US president, specifically Ronal Reagan. This paper will first present an overall look at the president’s biography, especially focusing on Reagan’s term as the president of the United States. Afterwards, this paper will then present a critical appraisal of the president’s c ontribution to the country, using the different criteria provided by different secondary literatures and resources. In here, different ratings or appraisals will be given to the president and his performance, based on the said literatures. In addition, after different individual grades, an overall grade or evaluation of former president Ronald Reagan will be presented. More importantly, this paper will attempt to prove that President Ronald Reagan can be given a grade of A-, based on his achievements and accomplishments, also including numerous issues, controversies, and problems that arose during his reign as president. Biography and Overview of President’s Administration Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on the 6th of February in 1911, in a second floor apartment in Tampico, Illinois, where his parents resided at the time. The young Reagan was then raised in Dixon, and he received his education at Eureka College, graduating with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Eco nomics.1 After he graduated, Reagan first went into the entertainment sector, wherein he served as a radio broadcaster in Iowa. He then moved to Los Angeles in 1937, where his career in the entertainment sector soared as he found roles for acting in films, and then television shows.2 Some of Reagan’s most notable films include Bedtime for Bonzo, Kings Row, All American, and numerous others. In the later years of his career as an actor, Reagan found himself serving as the president of the Screen Actors Guild. Later, he also became the spokesman for the company General Electric (GE), where history saw to the earlier beginnings of his political career.3 Reagan was originally a member and follower of the Democratic Party, but by the late 1950s, his positions started shifting rightward and by 1962, he transferred to the Republican Party. His most notable move to the political arena was seen when, after delivering a stirring speech in 1964 supporting the presidential candidacy of t hen candidate Barry Goldwater, his leadership potentials were noticed and then brought to the limelight. With this acknowledgement of his potentials, Reagan was then persuaded to run for the governorship. Two years later, he won the said California governorship, a position he won again in 1970.4 In 1968, he ran for presidential nomination as candidate for the Republican Party, but he lost, and again in 1976, he ran for the same nomination for presidential candidacy but was defeated. Finally, in 1980, he won the said

The Transnational History of a Chinese Family Essay Example for Free

The Transnational History of a Chinese Family Essay Beginning in the late 19th century and continuing to the early 20th century, many Chinese families struggled to gain social, economic, and educational stature in both China and the United States. In the book, A Transnational History of a Chinese Family, by Haiming Liu, we learn about the Chang family rooted in Kaiping County, China, who unlike many typical Chinese families’ exemplified hard-work and strong cultural values allowing them to pursue an exceptional Chinese-American lifestyle. Even with immigration laws preventing Chinese laborers and citizens to enter unless maintaining merchant status, Yitang and Sam Chang managed to sponsor approximately 40 relatives to the states with their businesses in herbalist medicine and asparagus farming. Though the Chang’s encountered many of the hardships typical of Chinese families for the time, they relied on their outstanding work ethic so that their families would always be supported, receive the best possible education, and preserve family and kinship relationships to get them through the tough times and long periods of separation. America in the early 19th century was a place full of racial discrimination, and citizens were very unwelcoming to immigrants of other races. During this time period, they did not find the presence of these immigrants useful, and went as far as passing federal restrictions on immigration. For one race in particular, the Chinese, there were very high restrictions in place. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which we discussed in lecture, banned almost all Chinese laborers and their families from entering the U. S for 10 years. Some changes were made, and the Act was passed again as in 1892 as the Geary Act, but it was not completely repealed until 1942. Luckily, being an herbalist, Yitang Chang was classified as a merchant, and this allowed them to immigrate into America since they were not laborers. This classification was a sign of an educated Chinese man, a quality many Chinese laborers and immigrants did not possess. Yitang was eventually able to bring over family members to help with his business once he was settled. He first called upon his son Sam Chang to travel across the Pacific and assist him in the family business, giving him the opportunity to further support his family. MENTION WORK ETHIC AND HOW THIS RELATES TO THE CHANGS IMMIGRATION PROCESS, SOCIETY ALREADY AGAINST THEM Along with the Exclusion Act barring further immigration, immigrants who were already in America had to work around another restriction known as the Alien Land Act, which we also discussed in class. This prohibits both Chinese and Japanese immigrants from owning or leasing land unless they were American-born. This made it arduous for families, as it forced them to rely on those family members who were citizens to register the land under their name, which made their kinship and appreciation for each other stronger. The Chang family had registered their land under Sam’s third and fourth daughters names as they were both American citizens, but not all families were privileged enough to have those members to fall back on. With all the discrimination the Chinese race was suffering in America, Yitang sought it to be best if his wife and kids stayed in China until he could make a better life in America. Yitang and Sam Chang were successful in starting up an herbalist shop and asparagus farm and quickly realized there were many advantages to owning them, both socially and economically. Owning an herbalist shop provided cures and treatments for illness and other various diseases by using holistic medicine. It put the Chang’s in constant contact with both Chinese and Americans looking to him for help in his area of expertise. This was a reverse encounter many immigrants never experienced. Patients realized the risks of this profession, as it dealt with human health, and they began to feel how beneficial these herbs were to their own health. After earning a positive reputation in the community, the Changs began to form relationships and friendships with people in a higher social class, one in which they strived for. These relationships he would later be able utilize in testimony when helping his family migrate to the U. S, a key role in the economic success of the businesses. Like we discussed in lecture, most Chinese immigrants were laborers and did not receive many pleasant encounters with white men. Although Yitang was seen by many Americans as a valuable Chinese immigrant, he and his family members still received discrimination other immigrants had to face. Their thriving asparagus farm did not have as many social benefits as the herbalist business did, but the farm was their main source of income, and with this they were able to provide for their families while living transnationally. Once the Chang family moved into Los Angeles and had their herbalist shop and asparagus farm under way, they realized the need for more laborers. In order to support their wives and kids with groceries, clothing, and education, the Chang’s needed to find the cheapest labor possible while still establishing the farm as a business that could support their income. The cheapest laborers were relatives, and they were for the most part thankful to come and work for Yitang, even if it was not their ideal working situation. One frustration Sam expressed in the book that may correlate to the continuing poor treatment and vision of the Chinese, is that within the Chinese workforce, most hard-working laborers in the railroad, farming, mining, and foresting businesses were almost 50 years or older and sent a majority of their earnings back to their families in China. Meanwhile, the younger Chinese generations were involved in gambling, restaurants, and laundries as they did not have the willpower to spend long days in the sun working in the fields, and knowingly allowed their elders to partake in much harder work than they had. This was viewed by many as un-filial, especially from a culture so embodied with ‘filial piety’, which is a virtue of respect for ones parents and ancestors. This did not seem to be the case with the Japanese-Americans however, who regardless of their age, dedicated so much hard-work to the farming and grocery business. Sam writes in a letter home, â€Å"While the Japanese have made much progress, the Chinese have achieved downward rather than upward mobility,† and refers to the younger Chinese generations as â€Å"parasites† and â€Å"lazy bones. † Sam was intelligent enough and quickly figured out the importance of weeding out the unproductive workers who complained too often, and keeping the ones who complained from time to time but whose work reflected dedication. To Sam’s surprise, even a few of the younger Chang relatives who were sponsored to help on the farm complained often and did not show as much commitment as Sam had expected. It was apparent when workers, especially family members did not share the same interest in the goals of the farming business and were solely concerned with making their wages and returning back to their families as soon as possible. This occurrence was very rare in the Chinese culture, as one of their main values is the strength of their kinship relationships. In the Chinese culture the word â€Å"kinship† refers to the entire family, including extended family. Not all Chinese businesses encountered this struggle with diligence, while some failed under the lack of perseverance, and the ones that did, play a role in the different views Americans had of Chinese people compared to the Japanese. While some of the kinship relationships in the Chang family were slightly severed, most family members who were given the opportunity to work on the asparagus farm saw it as an honor and were thankful to be sponsored by Yitang. Unfortunately, and fortunately, Yitang acquired many of the relative workers due to family unrest in China. While returning home for a visit four years after his initial trip to America, there were family conflicts where they were fighting over land and ended up spliing into two different kinship organizations. The arguments resulted in outrage and sometimes violence. Yitang finally urged his kinship to move out of the province to a safer area until he could get them to the U. S. This shows how rural families, the Chang family in particular, would move from time to time depending on their social and economic situations in order to strengthen their family success and kinship relationships in the migration process. Many Chinese businesses were not as successful as the Chang’s. Struggles arose because families could not make enough of a profit with just one farm of agriculture and did not have the resources or money to purchase more land or hire workers. The Chang family, having their herbalist medicine shop was crucial to their success. Although the farming generated more revenue, the family members who were sponsored to America came in as merchants claiming work at Yitang’s herbalist shop. They eventually maintained another asparagus farm and generated enough of a profit to further educate their children and grandchildren so they could have lives just as fulfilling, which in the Chinese culture was the greatest honor a parent could feel. Education for the Chinese was the most important achievement and was the gateway to all the success the Chang family incurred on their transnational voyage. It all started with Yitang as a young herbalist mentor and only after years of schooling and experience gained enough confidence to travel to America to open his own shop in Los Angeles. With having the experiences he did and knowing how important education is in reaching your goals, he strived to instill the desire to receive the best education possible in all his children and grandchildren. Self-sacrifice of the parents obliged the children to work vigorously in school in hopes of pursuing a good career that allowed them social mobility. The Chang family benefitted greatly from having received educational opportunities in both China and America. Education for most started in China where they received basic Chinese literacy schooling, but they would eventually leave home to attend more advanced schools in other towns or cities. Sam’s son Tennyson and daughter Constance were paid more attention to in this book in regards to education. Both were born in China and while Tennyson stayed there throughout his entire schooling and career, Constance went to America for part of her schooling, but then returned to China for a college education. While attaining an education in the early 20th century America was cheaper for the Chang family, it was not necessarily the best choice for their ideals and overall morale. Sam believed that it was important to have a well-versed knowledge and understanding of the Chinese culture and education as well as having an English educational background. Because of this, Tennyson who remained in China and never had the exposure to the English language that Constance did, searched for someone to come and teach him English. The Chang family stressed being culturally diverse, but when it came down to it also stressed looking into a future in China as the economic and social opportunities were far more vast and accommodating. Many Chinese-American children attended school in America their whole life, and it was known that secondary school campuses were not a very suitable environment for young children, women in particular. At this age kids are very impressionable and the values that American born Chinese possessed were different than the naturalized Chinese citizens. While Sam never personally saw his own daughter struggle with low self-esteem, or harassment by men, the general consensus was that the children were very impressionable and for this reason he made the tough decision to send Constance back to China for her senior high, and college. While low self-esteem wasn’t a huge worry for Sam with Constantine, children that did suffer from it tended to come from and surround themselves with people of lower social classes. Yitang and Sam made the choice to surround themselves with wealthy, educated, upper-class Chinese and even Americans during their stay in the states, and they only hoped to encourage their children to want the same as it helps maintains important relationships, and a healthy, determined mind. In Sam’s decision to send Constantine back to China it is apparent that the cultural values and aspects gave way to the economic aspects. The position of higher social status of the Chang family in both China and America is an example of how the Chang family was not your typical Chinese immigrant family. During the years of Yitang’s stay in America his kinship relations and commitment to home never changed. His transnational achievements were not internally gratifying for only Yitang, but also for the whole Chang lineage. Due to his major successes obtained while abroad, family members in China built an ancestral hall in his honor. Ancestral halls were usually constructed after someone has passed, so the proposal for it to be constructed during his life further illuminates just how highly regarded he was in the Chang family. [ 1 ]. Haiming Liu, The Transnational History of a Chinese Family: Immigrant Letters, Family Business, and Reverse Migration (New Brunswick, N. J. : Rutgers University Press, 2005), 117. [ 2 ]. Liu, The Transnational History of a Chinese Family: Immigrant Letters, Family Business, and Reverse Migration, 117. [ 3 ]. Liu, The Transnational History of a Chinese Family: Immigrant Letters, Family Business, and Reverse Migration, 2. [ 4 ]. Liu, The Transnational History of a Chinese Family: Immigrant Letters, Family Business, and Reverse Migration, 36. [ 5 ]. Liu, The Transnational History of a Chinese Family: Immigrant Letters, Family Business, and Reverse Migration, 126. [ 6 ]. Liu, The Transnational History of a Chinese Family: Immigrant Letters, Family Business, and Reverse Migration, 43.

Barclays Bank PLC Is A Multinational Company Essay Example for Free

Barclays Bank PLC Is A Multinational Company Essay Amenities to attract highly skilled and creative persons at all important levels ? Tradition of closeness to key customers and target customers A business can differentiate itself by performing its existing value activities or reconfiguring in some unique ways. And the sustainability of that differentiation will depend on two things: a continuation of its high perceived value to buyers and a lack of imitation by competitors. There are many alternative strategic directions in which Barclaycard could implement in their current strategy of differentiation. These may include technology innovation or product/ service differentiation. Product/service differentiation Product differentiation occurs when, owing to differences in physical attributes, ancillary service, geographic location, information, and/or subjective image, one firms products are clearly preferred by at least some buyers over rival products at a given price (, 1990, ). For firms seeking to make their demand curve less elastic, successful differentiation provides an insulated position against competitors by enabling firms to sell a larger quantity at a given price or by allowing the firm to create brand loyalty in customers resulting in lower sensitivity to price. This uniqueness may build an entry barrier for competitors to overcome (, 1992; , 1980). However, being unique may require a trade-off with investment if achieving differentiation requires costly effort such as extensive research, product design, high quality materials, or intensive customer support. Thus, the firms employing the differentiation strategy cannot ignore costs and risk (, 1980). Horizontal product differentiation focuses on differences in attribute variety among competing brands. It occurs when one brand contains more of some attributes but less of some other attributes in comparison to another brand (). Consumers different tastes will exploit differing strong and weak points among brands given identical prices (, 1992). The shift towards consumerism is accelerating with significant implications in many of the markets in which we operate. Fundamentally, our view is that consumerism involves a shift in power from institutions towards consumers. The rapid transformation of the credit card industry – first with the severing of the traditional tie between bank accounts and credit cards and second, with the emergence of credit as a true commodity in the credit card industry illustrates this so well. Consumers in the past were grateful if they received credit it was seen as a right granted to a special few by a bank and hence banks held power over individuals. The value proposition was the availability of credit. Technology Innovation In the case of Barclaycard, it is could improve its operations and competitive advantage through real time design data driven tools. This tool would improve their credit limit strategies and increase their interest earning balances. A Fair, Isaac Model Builder for the decision trees may be used as this tool uses historical data to assist in identifying optimal account management strategies. Fair, Isaac Model Builder for Decision Trees is a PC Windows based application designed specifically to support data driven strategy design. It gives lenders the power to rapidly create new strategies in real time using multiple performance dimensions, to process large datasets rapidly so strategies at any point for greater understanding of the portfolio and transfers strategies to and from production application with ease, putting new strategies into production faster. This real time, highly interactive approach dramatically shortens the time between strategy creation and roll out. With Barclaycard objectives of the new strategies to increase interest bearing balances, increase turnover, control bad debt, and address attrition, Fair, Fair Isaac can be a big help for the organization. While the average number of cards in a person’s wallet has increased over the last five years, the value to an individual of having multiple cards will diminish in an environment where credit is a commodity.

Logical and physical network design

Logical and physical network design Introduction In the world today, information communication and technology has become one of the most relied upon pillars for economic development. It is through technology that the entire universe has been reduced to a small village whereby persons far away from each other can interact freely on real-time basis. Hence, every business enterprise and institution for instance is gearing towards modernizing its operations through Information technology. As a result, one of the most vital resources to ensure Information technology revolution is and has been using computers. They have replaced and /or improved the working environment through recording, processing, and analyzing data by utilizing application software. It is that this point that the pre-requisite IT infrastructure comes in handy. Thus, internet facility is required to interlink various departments within an organization so as to improve efficiency. However, to put in place the network infrastructure, a number of requirements and constraints have to be considered and includes the type of organization, desired network -its cost and reliance, and financial costs among others. The networking topology consists of two parts; physical and logical design networks, which are utilized further in various forms; bus, mesh, star, and ring network topologies (Raza, 2002). Each one of these has got its pros and cons. Hence, it is imperative while embarking on a mission to set up a network infrastructure, research extensively in order to determine the most feasible type. This has been covered to detail in the literature ahead to distinguish logical and physical design networks as well as related terminologies through a library based research. Literature Review Topology The network topology refers to the layout of a network installation (David, Skandier, 2005). The layout consists of two parts. First one is the physical network design which refers to the actual arrangement of all the devices that that are connected to the particular network. This is inclusive of the network location and cables installed. Second is the logical network design which refers to the way in which the network appears in the devices within the network or how data is transmitted within the network (Siamwalla, Sharma, Keshav, 2000). These two types of layouts are consists of four different kinds of network topologies in network infrastructure is set up. These include, the bus, mesh, ring, and star topologies (Raza, 2002). Types of network topologies A mesh topology represents a Wide Area Network whereby there are quite a number of paths interconnecting various sites. In this topology, a router is used in identifying and determining which path is best for data transmission. For a simple network, for instance two to three sites, it is convenient to create but for quite a number of sites it becomes expensive. Reason being that every network site and subsequent additions of devices needs an independent cable connection. Besides, the amount of work involved while configuring network is cumbersome (Programming Languages: Logical and Physical Network Design, 2004); However, the biggest advantage with mesh network is that, in case one of the connections fails, it does not interfere with the rest. Mesh topology represents a physical design layout. The bus topology in most cases is either a physical and/or logical design network. It generally utilizes Ethernet cables to connect and it is considered the simplest among the others. A backbone -common cable- is connects all the devices in a given network and any other device that is being added is connected to the same cable. It is therefore economical to implement as only one cable is used. The backbone connection transmits data through only this particular cable and interruption leads to disconnection of the whole network. The ring topology is a physical design layout whereby each device in the network is connected to its two other neighboring devices. However, in case a new device is being added, the whole connection is disrupted and this involves a lot of work to configure the whole system. Nevertheless such conflicts in transmitting the data can be mitigated by applying token ring technology but this m, method is rarely used in setting up a network (Designing a Network Topology, 2004). The star topology is usually either a physical and/or logical design layout whereby network devices have got one central location referred to as a hub or switch. This topology is the most advantageous because if one of the devices fails, the others are not affected. Configuring the network is simple as any one cable can easily be connected to the hub or switch. It is usually applied in Ethernet networks. Furthermore, all of these network topologies can be used in one single network to form a hybrid network topology (Thomas, 2008). Differences between logical and physical network designs Physical design layout outlines the pieces of the logical design network which are in a given network architecture. Besides, it refers to the arrangement of computers and other physical components. Its components include Fiber, ISDN and Ethernet (Johnson, 2002). The logical design network assumes a particular piece of a conceptual design in a network and assigns it a logical role in a within that framework. Its components consist of IP structures of the network such as Class A, B, or C address scheme (Johnson, 2002). Factors to consider when designing a network For a good network design the strategy and planning components are very vital. The overall project needs to be implemented in an orderly manner in order to achieve the goals set. Policies should be put in place when designing a network (Network Diagrams, 2010). They stipulate to detail how the network resources are to be used by the users concerned. Another scenario that policies become a necessity is at a point when network security becomes paramount -for instance firewall technology (Designing a Network Topology, 2004). Technical users responsible for managing the network require adequate training on tasks to be undertaken in the network management. When designing the network, the cost of the budget should be a pre-requisite consideration as well as the benefits to be realized. Feasibility study should be carried on both costs and benefits (Network management reference architecture, 2010). To design a logical network, there are two options; one can either design/install a new network from the scratch or upgrade an already existing logical network. However, a number of factors are supposed to be considered before commencing the design work: What services will you be providing to the clients/users? What possible network traffic patterns that crop up as a result from your particular plan? What are the expected bottle necks and how to avoid? Another important consideration is to determine whether your internet connection is going to be for internal network users only or if outside users domain will be given access to the network resources (Network Tutorials, 2010). In addition, scalability and extensibility of the network design are crucial considerations. Hence factors such as: Economic constraints -in most cases one has to compromise the capability of Wide Area Network links, the switching routers capabilities, the kind of interfaces used, and at some instances the of redundancy achieved; Labor-in either of the network design, the degree of effort and the level of knowledge required to admit a new client to the new network and/or expand the capacity of the network infrastructure are of great concern (Craft, 2006); The processor speed -increases on regular basis and therefore makes the internet traffic levels to rapidly increase. Computational limitations that most often engulf any particular network design are correlated to processing of route updates, security filtering, encryption, translation of address and packet forwarding; Space consists of the value of air-conditioned points of references (POPs) an/or the collocation facilities (Scots Ogletree, 2003); Time-to-market is another issue to be considered as while designing a network, clients might be have looked for alternatives by the time it becomes operational (Mueller Ogletree, 2003). Conclusion Designing a network calls for meeting the necessary requirements and constraints and putting into consideration other external factors for instance, cost of setting up the network, scalability and extensibility, and the future prospects of the particular network design. Nevertheless, the choice of the network design depends on its reliability and the resources are available for its adoption. REFERENCES: Craft, M. (2006). How to Cheat at Designing a Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Infrastructure. Syngress. David, G., Skandier, T. (2005). Network+ study guide, fourth edition. Sybex, Inc. Designing a Network Topology. (2004) .Cisco Press Priscilla Oppenheimer. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from www.topdownbook.com/chapters/Chapter05.ppt Network Tutorials. (2010). Retrieved February 14, 2010, from Network management reference architecture. Retrieved February 14, 2010, from http://www.cisco.biz/en/US/technologies/collateral/tk869/tk769/white_paper_c11-453503.html Mueller, S., Ogletree, T. (2003). Network design strategies; Planning and design components. Upgrading and repairing networks. (4th ed.) .Que. Retrieved February 14, 2010, from Megaessays: Network topology. Retrieved February 14, 2010, from, Network Diagrams. Retrieved February 14, 2010, from, Johnson, J. (2002). Ask the Networking Expert: Questions Answers. Retrieved Feb 14, 2010, Fromhttp://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/expert/KnowledgebaseAnswer/0,289625,sid7_gci846980, 00.html Network Topologies, Retrieved February 15, 2010, from Programming Languages: Logical and Physical Network Design. (2004). Retrieved February 15, 2010, from http://www.cheathouse.com/essay/essay_view.php?p_essay_id=47389 Raza, K. (2002). Cisco Network Topology and Design. Cisco Press. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=25188 Siamwalla, R., Sharma , R., S. Keshav (2000). Discovering Internet Topology. Cornell Network Research Group Department of Computer Science Cornell University. NY:Ithaca. Scott, M., Ogletree, W. T. (2003). Upgrading and repairing networks. (4th ed.).Que. Part of the upgrading and repairing series. Thomas, S. (2008).Network design checklist: Six factors to consider when designing LANs. Retrieved February 14, 2010 from http://searchnetworkingchannel.techtarget.com/generic/0,295582,sid100_gci1317697,00.

Heart :: essays research papers

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 4 HEART STRUCTURE AND CIRCULATION Q.1 Describe the heart sounds you hear. Explain the origin of two sounds. Two heart sounds are normally heard through a stethoscope on the chest wall, "lab" "dap". The first sound can be described as soft, but resonant, and longer then the second one. This sound is associated with the closure of AV valves (atrioventricular valves) at the beginning of systole. The second sound is louder and sharp. It is associated with closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves (semilunar valves) at the beginning of diastole. There is a pause between the each set of sounds. It is a period of total heat relaxation called quiescent period. Q.2 Which structures are responsible for these sounds? If these structures were damaged or functionally incorrectly, what do you think would happen to the heart sound? The structures responsible for these sounds are: pulmonary, aortic and atrioventricular valves. These sounds are results of vibration caused by closure of these valves. Other sounds known as "heart murmurs" are sometimes a sign of heart disease. "Murmurs can be produced by blood flowing rapidly in the usual directions through an abnormally narrowed valve" (Vander, Sherman and Luciano, 1985, p.326) and in some cases, as mitral valve prolapse, the individual does not show any symptoms. Q.5 If a glass probe is poked into the pulmonary trunk which chamber will it enter? The glass probe poked into the pulmonary trunk will follow the cycle of blood from the pulmonary artery to the lungs and then through pulmonary veins will enter the left atrium. Q.6 From which chamber does the aorta arise? Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is the largest artery in the body and it transports the oxygenated blood away from the heart. Q.7 (a) Where do the coronary arteries start? (b) Use this knowledge to explain how the coronary arteries only fill with blood during diastole. The heart, like other organs, receives its blood supply through the smaller vessels of arterial branches. In this case, coronary arteries, which starts from the base of ascending aorta. The blood circulates through coronary arteries and then to smaller vessels into cardiac muscle (myocardium). The blood flow is influenced by aortic pressure, which increases in systole, and the pumping activity of the ventricles. When the ventricle contracts, in systole, the coronary vessels are compressed by the contracted myocardium and partly blocked by the open aortic valve therefore the blood flow through the myocardium stops.

GOA Essay -- Ecoturism, Konkan

GOA Goa is also known internationally in various names like: "Rome of the East", "Tourist Paradise" and "Pearl of the Orient" the state of Goa is located on the western coast of India in the coastal belt known as Konkan. Goa has a unique history, natural beauty and rich culture that have attracted tourists from around the world, over the past. Churches, museums, old streets and homes, beaches, and wildlife are the main tourist attractions of this place. (Goa tourism, 2011) Goa is the smallest state in India by area and population. Most of Goa is a part of the coastal country known as the Konkan, which is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats range of mountains, which separate it from the Deccan Plateau, and has 103 kilometres of coastline. The nearness to Arabian Sea and being a tropical zone, Goa has a hot and humid climate for most of the year. The vast green expanse of the Sahyadri mountain range ensures that Goa has an abundance of water. The sea and rivers abound in seafood - prawns, mackerels, sardines, crabs and lobsters are the most popular with the locals and the visitors. Along with English which is widely spoken all over Goa, Konkani and Marathi are the other recognized languages. Goan cuisine is a blend of different influences the Goans had to endure during the centuries. The staple food in Goa is fish and rice, both among the Hindus and the Catholics. The long period of Portuguese rule has strongly influenced the Goan cuisine. (Goa tourism, 2008) Traces of former Portuguese domination can be seen throughout when travelling through Goa; this creates an exotic ambience. Beaches, which are Goa’s greatest assets are illuminated with high mast lights allowing the tourist to roam around, even in the nights, safel... ...h wood furnishing and tiled floors inside. Guests get the chance to enjoy nature walks, bonfires, folk dances, and village excursions. This resort also rated as one of the beast eco resort of India by MSN Green (MSN, 2010). The Nature Conservation Facility has established at Chorla Ghats to help researchers and ecologist who monitoring and studying about the Western Ghats. They organize range of programs like making aware to the others about the importance of conservation and also support activities related to conservation of natural and cultural heritage, the Nature Conservation Facility is also being recognized as a hub of activity for volunteers and students who train here under researchers of international repute and carry forward the torch of nature conservation. Now the nature conservation facility is in the process of documenting about the local community.

The Disappearance of Native Americans in California Essay -- Demograph

â€Å"To discover, understand, and encounter the cultures and intricate natures of the California Indian people, it is necessary to search the past† –Nancy Wahl. Tracing back in California history, Spanish explorers, commanded by Juan Rodrà ­guez Cabrillo, found the tip of what is now Baja California in the year 1533 and named it "California" after a mythical island in a popular Spanish novel. It is evident that from the time Spanish monarchs set foot in California, the world as Native Americans knew it was never the same again. The late 1700s initiated and marked the colonization of Spaniards in the â€Å"Golden State† which in turn provoked the massive persecution and extermination of Native American population as well as the disappearance of Native heritage and culture. As a result, the recurring despairs and adversities of the Indian population began. Professor Edward D. Castillo expresses in his article â€Å"California Indian History† that California Indians have been the most unfortunate and the least understood of all the Native American tribes in the nation. â€Å"They were once probably the most contented and happy race on the continent, in proportion to their capacities for enjoyment, and they have been more miserably corrupted and destroyed than any other tribes within the union† (Castillo, www.nahc.ca.gov/califindian). They had the largest population, and resided in the most pleasant and naturally productive lands but as we have learned, they were swept away with a most vile and cruel extermination. Epidemic diseases brought to the state by Spanish colonists and missionaries in the late 1700s to the early 1800s, turned out to be the most powerful and discreet method to surmount Native American population. The impact of the missionarie... ...populated state in the nation and is recognized as one of the wealthiest states, Native Americans are still marginalized in a third world existence, becoming the most underprivileged and miserable minority living in California. Works Cited Castillo, Edward D. â€Å"Short Overview of California Indian History.† California Native Americans Heritage Commission. April 12, 2012. Paddison, Joshua. â€Å"Native Americans.† Calisphere University of California. April 12, 2012. Viola, Herman. California Studies: History-Social Science, Grade 4. â€Å"Californio Lands.† Houghton Mifflin,  ©2007. 214-217. Wahl, Nancy "Hodges". â€Å"Native Americans Travel through Time†¦on Hwy 49.† Historic Hwy 49. April 14, 2012. The Disappearance of Native Americans in California Essay -- Demograph â€Å"To discover, understand, and encounter the cultures and intricate natures of the California Indian people, it is necessary to search the past† –Nancy Wahl. Tracing back in California history, Spanish explorers, commanded by Juan Rodrà ­guez Cabrillo, found the tip of what is now Baja California in the year 1533 and named it "California" after a mythical island in a popular Spanish novel. It is evident that from the time Spanish monarchs set foot in California, the world as Native Americans knew it was never the same again. The late 1700s initiated and marked the colonization of Spaniards in the â€Å"Golden State† which in turn provoked the massive persecution and extermination of Native American population as well as the disappearance of Native heritage and culture. As a result, the recurring despairs and adversities of the Indian population began. Professor Edward D. Castillo expresses in his article â€Å"California Indian History† that California Indians have been the most unfortunate and the least understood of all the Native American tribes in the nation. â€Å"They were once probably the most contented and happy race on the continent, in proportion to their capacities for enjoyment, and they have been more miserably corrupted and destroyed than any other tribes within the union† (Castillo, www.nahc.ca.gov/califindian). They had the largest population, and resided in the most pleasant and naturally productive lands but as we have learned, they were swept away with a most vile and cruel extermination. Epidemic diseases brought to the state by Spanish colonists and missionaries in the late 1700s to the early 1800s, turned out to be the most powerful and discreet method to surmount Native American population. The impact of the missionarie... ...populated state in the nation and is recognized as one of the wealthiest states, Native Americans are still marginalized in a third world existence, becoming the most underprivileged and miserable minority living in California. Works Cited Castillo, Edward D. â€Å"Short Overview of California Indian History.† California Native Americans Heritage Commission. April 12, 2012. Paddison, Joshua. â€Å"Native Americans.† Calisphere University of California. April 12, 2012. Viola, Herman. California Studies: History-Social Science, Grade 4. â€Å"Californio Lands.† Houghton Mifflin,  ©2007. 214-217. Wahl, Nancy "Hodges". â€Å"Native Americans Travel through Time†¦on Hwy 49.† Historic Hwy 49. April 14, 2012.

Adventures as an Exchange Student in Germany Essay

Deliberately placing yourself outside of your comfort zone will do one of two things; make you into a stronger better person, or cause you to shutdown and not accomplish the task at hand. While most high school juniors spend their year studying, excelling in sports, hanging out with friends, and thinking about colleges, I pushed my boundaries and embarked on the adventure of a lifetime. No, I did not go skydiving or join the US National Volleyball Team. I accepted the challenge of the Congress Bundestag Scholarship program to spend a year in Germany living, learning, and experiencing life in another land. The life skills and memories that I acquired in the past twelve months have put me a step ahead of my peers and shown me that if I put my mind to it, anything is possible. In October 2002 as I was sitting in my first year German class, my teacher recommended that I apply for what she called the ‘prestigious’ Congress Bundestag Scholarship to spend a year in Germany. Taking into consideration that I would have to leave everything I had going for me behind, made me a little leery of the idea. However, when I realized what an honor and opportunity it was to take part in an exchange, the mounds of paperwork seemed to shrink into a small homework assignment with a twist. After the final interview, reality hit me. I might actually spend a year in Germany! Along with the excitement came the panic: I can’t actually speak German. What should I pack? How do I say goodbye to everyone? What if I get homesick? Do the Germans really only shower once a week? These questions all came at once, and no matter how much I searched, the only answers I could find told me to wait and see. Before I knew it, I was boarding a 737 an route to Frankfurt with 60 of my new best friends who, like me had the courage to enter into the unknown and spend a year in Germany. It was this group of teenagers that I spent a month in language camp with trying to learn the basics about German life and culture. We were like infants who had to do 18 years of growing up in 30 days. We worked together trying to learn the basics such as learning to eat and trying to work a toilet; to understanding the most complicated issues such as diplomacy, political debate, and how to be an ambassador for America. During this time, I grew as a person, learning empathy for those  who were homesick and becoming open minded to people and activities that to me were not the norm or routine. Little did I know, these kids would be my lifelines in times of need. They could always relate to what I was experiencing, and they were also flying on the ‘roller coaster’ of emotions. When the time came to leave my new friends and move on, I was extremely excited to immerse myself into the German culture. The language, a new school, new friends, and a new family seemed like a dream come true, but in reality it turned into a nightmare. When my host family picked me up, we had a three-hour ride home. Make that a SILENT three hours without air conditioning and five people plus four suitcases crammed into a small Passat. At home, we unloaded the car and I went to see my new room. As I looked out of my window something white and black caught my eye, whoa cows less than ten feet from my window. I could not believe it, my organization said I would live in the country, but I did not realize that the next closest town was an hour away. As my stress level hit a high, my new host mom put me over the edge. She began to unpack my suitcases that were filled with unwrapped gifts for her and the family. It was at that point that I counted to ten and reminded myself that it was a different culture, and possibly that was one of their customs. The only problem was, my German skills were not good enough to politely ask her to stop. So she continued and I smiled and hoped my rocky start would smooth into a healthy open relationship. Three weeks later, I was getting into the swing of things. Going to school, riding my bike and the bus, making friends, and yes getting used to the smell of cows. I was adapting well, being responsible and beginning to understand the German spoken in school. I had gone beyond everyone else’s expectations and mine. Life was good, even though the Germans only showered twice a week. After the honeymoon phase was over, my host mother turned on me. She thought I was being disrespectful and not telling the truth, where as the problem was that I couldn’t fully understand what she was saying, causing a lack in  communication between us. When I realized this, I worked extra hard to regain her trust and persevere through what I perceived as a small bump in the road. When things worsened and I could no longer adapt to the situation, my community representative intervened and placed me with a new family. Even though my first host family was a challenge, the experience showed my true character. In the face of adversity, I was able to handle myself maturely and attempt to find a solution to the problem. It was not a failure by any means, but an opportunity to grow. Not only did I develop in times of trial and hardship, but I learned just as much in a nurturing situation. During the last six months of my stay in Germany I stayed with a truly wonderful family. I was treated as an adult, and I assumed full responsibility for myself. My host parents’ generosity of welcoming me into their heart and home made me appreciative of all I had accomplished in the last year, and encouraged me to give back. Through this pattern of giving and receiving I gained a sense of compassion and consideration for others. I surrounded my self with positive people which in turn brightened my spirits and reminded me that when the going gets tough an optimistic attitude can make a world of difference. When I boarded the plane at the end of my year there were only 52 of the original 60 students who completed the program. My commitment and perseverance helped me overcome adversity and succeed in a situation where the odds were against me. Not only did I accomplish the task at hand, but I had the time of my life while doing it. The rewards of spending a year abroad are endless, but I was most affected in a few ways. I learned compassion and acceptance first hand by being treated by others with kindness when I was down. I have become accountable beyond my age by being entrusted with responsibilities that are typically given to a person 22 and over. Now as I move on, I am better prepared for what awaits me. I have a whole new set of life skills and memories to keep in my quiver and use when called on. Pushing myself out of my comfort zone was the best thing I could have done, I was up to the challenge and I passed with flying colors.

Training Module

The train somatic is developed for the soft skills schooling during New Employee Orientation in either make-up. New employee orientation designs give in the buff employees the basic training and information they take aim to help them blend with and work in the peeled organization. The following program is designed as a three-day induction program conducted by a third troupe organization for an organization in which the new employees have been recruited. extension 1. 1 Objectives of cultivation larn individual skills Enhance competence of employees sure fearfulnesser progression Section 2 Topics of Training appendix 2. 1 golosh Training impressiveness of sentry go Safety System of the Organization concomitant 2. 2 Business Communications Communication model, Barriers to communion Body Language Activities E-mail writing, appointed reports, telephone etiquettes, video conterencing Appendix 2. 3 Team Building Importance of squad Organization structure Activities an d Games Appendix 2. 4 Professional EthicsEssential Professional Ethics Appendix 2. 5 Attitudinal Development Personalities and Attitudes Johari Window Appendix 2. 6 Leadership Skills and Motivation Needs, motives and demand Styles of Leadership Activity and Games Appendix 2. 7 Time and Stress management Importance of Time management in organization Stress Management for professionals Appendix 2. 8 Decision Making Activity and models of stopping point making Section 3 Pre-requisites Appendix 3. 1 Participants Names and details of participants should be provided by the organization.Maximum number of participants should not overhaul 25. Appendix 3. 2 Infrastructure and facilities assemblage hall, Projector, Interactive boards, laptop and other groundwork should be made available gibe to number of participants. Appendix 3. 3 Training material and handouts Preparation, printing and distribution of handouts and material of training and activities as required. Appendix 3. 4 Stationer y Writing material, note-pads for participants to be set and provided. Appendix 3. 5 Arrangement for food for thought and refreshmentsThe organization will take care of arrangement of food and refreshments of participants Appendix 3. 6 Feedback forms Feedback is essential for both the trainers and the organization. A healthful formulated feedback form will be used for response of participants Appendix 3. 7 Evaluation forms Based upon the participation and murder of the participants they will be evaluated. This evaluation would bide crucial for the organization.

Martha Stewart

Martha Stewart a known fame and founder of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (a caper which is built on showing others how to cost effectively manage and bedight the home), who was given a tip by Douglas Fanueil and Mr. Bacanovic, employees of the Merrill lynch brokerage firm connection.This tip which broke the confidentiality constitution of the brokerage keep company led to the subsequent sale of Marthas constituents in the ImClone company during the latter companys black fall surface period with the effects of causing the piece of land monetary value of ImClones sell to drop and the share price of shares of the Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia to drop subsequently the shit broke that Martha had engaged in insider trading. Through a series of events, she, her broker and his assistant were subsequently prosecuted and sentenced.In this case study, we will be examining how the public comprehend Martha Stewarts effections and similarly the penalties that were imposed. We will also side at how her decisions imp proceedinged and also provided major setbacks to her business because of her insider trading shit on the Imclone Systems Incorporated. By carrying start this research, we as a group would determine if the unredeemed should be placed on her or non and also determine if the fines were adequate for the crime trustted.1.Did Martha Stewart commit the crime of insider trading when she sell her ImClone shares on celestial latitude 27, 2001? We be falsehoodve that Martha Stewart was guilty of insider trading. The justifications for our point are as follows a) Martha Stewart was told by Mr. Faneuil (under direction from his head who was also Ms. Stewarts stockbroker) that the largest stockholders of ImClone (Sam Waksal and his daughter Aliza) had change all their shares in the company on that same day, declination 27th, and she immediately sold hers as well. This in itself was a breach of lymph node confidentiality and insider predicateati on because no one knew slightly it unless their stockbrokers.By virtue of the horizon Mr. Bacanovic (Mr. Faneuils boss) at the brokerage company of Merril Lynch he was not to mention or discuss the actions of any of his other knobs. b) Even though Martha Stewart did not know about the FDAs unfavour adequate report about ImClone, the emergent dumping of the shares on the market was enough for her to excogitate that there must be something wrong and that she should stop her shares sold as quickly as achiev able in allege to obtain the best manageable share price or avoid a prejudice.Tipped with the knowledge of the Waksals actions and her intuition of imminent fortuity she ordered that her shares in that company be sold as quickly as possible. c) She called Sam Waksal as soon as she received the tip-off in the hopes of obtaining the reason behind their actions. d) When investigated by unlawful authorities she instructed her repository to change the original sum the wri ting table wrote from Mr. Bacanovic and then thought better of it and well-advised the secretary to revise the changes and restore the original message. She also be repeatedly to criminal authorities on the in truth reason behind the sudden sale of her shares.2.Did the U.S. Attorneys and the Securities and shift Commission use ethical judgment in the indictment of Martha Stewart? Do you desire that her indictment was base on evidence of a serious crime, or do you imagine that prosecutors consciously or unconsciously had superfluous motives for pursuing the case? It is our belief that good judgment was exercised in indicting Martha Stewart. The indictment was based on the evidence of sightly intent.Martha Stewart on hearing of the actions of the Waksals, and devising levelheaded judgments that the company was in trouble, intended that she should not make a loss on her coronation in ImClone and made immediate moves and succeeded in change her shares in the company for a profit of $228,000. If she had waited until December 28th when the share price cut to $45.39 per share she would down made only $178, 292, a loss of $49,708. also the trading of Martha Stewarts shares occurred during the companys blackout period which commenced on December 21st.At this time no shares from the company were permitted to occur and the stockbrokers at Merrill Lynch would have known that and should have advised their clients accordingly. It is our belief that prosecutors might consciously have had additional motives for pursuing the case. Martha Stewart a celebrity of high visibility would sell newspapers if investigated and later indicted. A prosecutor who was able to make a strong, believable case would contract fame to himself/herself and possibly new job opportunities.3. Do you hold in with the jury that she was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the conspiracy and obstruction of justice charges? We nurse with the jury that Martha Stewart was guilty beyond a r easonable doubt of the conspiracy and obstruction of justice charges. To crap a reasonable doubt of conspiracy, four chief(prenominal) things must occura) Two or more than persons in some way or manner, orgasm to a mutual understanding, in trying to pass a common and unlawful plan as charged in the indictment. An example of this includes the breakfast brush between Martha Stewart and Peter Bacanovic on January 16th after the sale of the shares to construct a statement that they reproduced to the criminal authorities that is, that Martha had agreed to sell her shares if the share price fell below $60.00 per share. Another example was illustrated when Douglas Faneuil was persuaded by his boss (Peter Bacanovic) to agree to the conspiracy constructed by his boss that there was a $60 stop-loss order on Martha Stewarts ImClone shares.b) The person willfully became a atom of such a conspiracy. Mr. Fanueil accepted a final payment from his boss (Peter Bacanovic) in the form of an extra calendar week of vacation and a paid trip, so that he would not reveal the fact that Martha Stewart had been tipped off. Fanueils actions were acts of choice.c) That one of the conspirators during the existence of the conspiracy knowingly affiliated at least one of the methods (or manifest act) expound in the indictment. Bacanovic and Stewart repeatedly be to the government agencies and attorneys in order to try to hamper the investigations. Bacanovic tampered the worksheet by adding 60 near the entry for Stewarts shares of Imclone.d) That such overt act was a knowingly committed act done in order to carry out or accomplish some object of the conspiracy. exculpation of this was seen when Bacanovic informed Faneuil that he must call Stewart to inform her of the Waksals actions. He decided to leave the message with Stewarts administrative assistant in order for her to receive the message to allow her to carry out or give instructions on what actions to take. Faneuil had a sked Bacanovic if he was allowed to tell Stewart and he stated Of course thats the whole point On realizing what the write policy inside of the office stated he was truly worried. Obstruction of justice is a crime.It is an offense that arises when psyche tries to prevent, impede or influence the administration of justice, for example, bribing a juror, threatening a judge or encourage false testimony. Obstruction of justice occurred when Stewart and Mr. Bacanovic conspired and continuously lied about the reason why Stewart sold her shares in an effort to hamper investigations. One such lie was the prearranged plan to sell Stewarts shares if the price fell below $60 per share.4. Was her penalisation, including both enslavement and fines countenance? Were the punishment of Peter Bacanovic and Douglas Faneuil appropriate? We agree that the punishment imposed on Martha Stewart was a little overly lenient. Due to her actions after being tipped off, she was able to make a profit of approximately $50,000, so a fine of $30,000 still meant that she was gaining approximately $20,000. We believe that all of her profits should have been disgorged as compared to her wealth the amount is relatively small anyway.The imprisonment of five dollar bill months imprisonment and then five months of home confinement, we believe was a suitable length of time. The relinquishing of her duties to act as an officer of a public company did not do her any damage as she still drew the same salary as she was accustomed to and even had a bonus. In her after-sentencing statement, she say that this had been no more than a personal reckon that had been blown out of proportion this in itself indicates that she was not remorseful about her actions. Whether these punishments were a deterrent for prox action is questionable as Martha Stewart still violated the terms of her house arrest and this had to be subsequently extended for three weeks. We think that the punishments imposed on bo th Peter Bacanovic and Douglas Faneuil were inappropriate.First we look at Douglas Faneuil. Although he was following the instructions of his boss, he knew what he was told to do was wrong. He knew there was a displayed, written office policy with respect to client training privacy. He accepted a bribe from Mr. Bacanovic and waited approximately seven months after the incident before advance forward with the truth. A short term of imprisonment at a minimum security readiness might have been added. With respect to Mr. Bacanovic, his penalties should have been harsher. His position at Merrill Lynch afforded him access to certain non-public learning and as such his actions should have been within the law.He disregarded the policies of the company with respect to confidentiality, he also used his position to influence and bribe another(prenominal) employee of the company to comply with a conspiracy in the commitment of insider trading and he also conspired with his client Martha, to concoct an alibi to avoid prosecution by the government. He should have been given a heavier fine since he was the main person behind the scandal and had gained commission on the sale of both the Waksal and the Stewart shares. Also a longer term of imprisonment would have been fitting, maybe a term of two years.

Problems and Prospects of Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh

Problems and prognosiss of mail break of serve Industries of Bangladesh Submitted to Mohammad Badruzzaman Bhuiyan assistant cogency surgical incision of argumentation enterprise politics eastern air jacket University Submitted by Md. Mahedi Hasan ID 2008-3-10-035 Section-1 find break with of fortitude July 15, 2012 east close western hemisphere UNIVERSITY In the scene of change magnitude vastness of enrapture suspension activities in Bangladesh, drive come forthicularly parcel to look & structural organic evolution (>80%) and in field prudence & c hotshot timern luck for the poor. barg b atomic tot up 18ly indiscriminating and at random send out gaolbreak activities in once biodiversity mysterious coastal field of crowd of Sitakunda, Chittagong is in a flash a naked field. The sphere of influence is gravely corrupted with going of its sensual, chemical & biological characteristics. on that point is rattling olive- sized disci pline on the portray berth of biodiversity in the scene of action and daze of carry rupture on tilteries and biodiversity. verbal fibs from slantermen show that thither is a forceful decline in fish catches which is thinkable to be receivable to this institutionalise elusion activities. channelise time out activities has non nevertheless been accept as diligence and calm at that discover ar no check guidelines or rules for displace gaolbreak activities in Bangladesh. As a effect, on that refer is in truth ofttimes misadventure, want of rich compassionate lives & up adjust irreverence of winsome-hearted rights & wear upon rights, including rattling diminished wages.On the new(prenominal) hand, trespass of enter rift on the biodiversity is similarly societal function of exploration. just to pass judgment the refer of enrapture noise on biodiversity & piscary re seminal fluids, a oceanrch or retire up is despe appreciatel y inevitable non hardly for the saving of piscary re roots that withal to carry out a sustainable & eco- affable indemnity for charge suspension in Bangladesh. key haggling SBRI = The channelize gap and cycle Industry. transmit severance send off break is the act of destruct an ancient peecrafts grammatical construction for whitping or judicature.Conducted on a pier, dry cork or raze yard, it involves a spacious r and so on of activities. From removing tell asunderly the huckster and equipment that argon on the charges to tender muckle and cycle the enthrals infrastructure. transport suspension is a ch all(prenominal)enging serve salubrious, collectible to the structural daedality of the institutionalizes and the surroundal, arctic and nearlyness issues involved. cycle The service of fetching a post unconnected confines give c argon by the conveyance aim. When procedures to protection the env constrictment and perishers wellness and prophylactic atomic do 18 applied, cognize as leafy ve sign upable cycle.Exe grappleive analysis The enrapture break and cycle diligence (SBRI) converts end-of-life ventures into brand and early(a) reclaimable items. channelize cycle offers the some(prenominal) env crusadementally sustainable steering of disposing of grey-haired vessels, with or so e rattling(prenominal) part of the withd raw(a) and elevator car complex existence re utilize or recycled as junk metallic element. Although the intentness is effective from a life-cycle judgement vertex of view, anyplace the broad time it has gravitated toward countries with junior-grade labor costs, listless principles on occupational guard duty, and h superannuated in env smoothing urgemental enforcement.The globose shift in the manufacture to countries with comparatively weaker regulative systems is of grumpy appertain as stations check up on much than(prenominal) ha zards that slew s alikel monumental prejudicial cod on mankind and the env saddleliftment if non dealt with right. Currently, the planetary heart and soul of the enter break and cycle application is find in south Asia, specifically Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. These ternary countries pecker for 7080 part of the externalist market for embark rupture of ocean-going vessels, with chinaw ar and washout chronicle for nigh of the rest.Only approximately 5 per centum of the globose multitude of much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) vessels is spotped outside(a) these flipper countries. This playing state focuses on the SBRI in Bangladesh and Pakistan to add up a secern discretion of the scotch science of the patience and the purlieual impacts arising out of such(prenominal)(prenominal) exercise and to seek possible slip counsel in which such purlieual instance whitethorn be mitigated. 1. 0 basis Bangladesh has a keen-sighted c oastal rap music of intimately 710 km which is enriched with indwelling resources peculiarly fish and diametricly(a) aquatic species of antithetic varieties and has been the focal point of opposite scotch activities. virtually of these coast beas atomic bout 18 determined in Chittagong. Sitakund is a glide bea placed a hardly a(prenominal) kilometers northwardsbound of Chittagong where intimately of the moves break of serve yards ar concentrated. get off suspension attention has non been essential in a day. It has been actual little by little in Bangladesh dismission by means of divers(a) stages of its phylogenesis at an inter content level. though the channelise time out in Bangladesh started in mid-sixties commercially it started in recently seventies. The save channelize jailbreak diligence of the sylvan has been intermited in Sitakund argonas, Chittagong. on that point argon active 20 in the choke and returning(prenominal) ge ne linkage industries build on this channelize severance. Now, in that location argon astir(predicate) 20 channelise open frame yards in Sitakund where grand and hundreds of childbed ar scoreing. The determineers argon all booked in wicked physical labor precisely they assumet run by and by steady-goingty equipments worry helmets, goggles, gloves, boots and work suits, checkup facilities and still pecuniary surety. e trulywhere the farther close twenty geezerhood more than four hundred workers soak up been killed and 6000 hard wound consort to the East Pakistani media.The detonation of the Iranian tanker TT Dena on 31 whitethorn 2000 solely is verbalize to restrain stoold 50 deaths. To this harm must be added thousands of cases of permanent complaint which perplex slip byred and willing occur in emerging payable to the deadly materials that are handled and inhaled without marginal precautions or evasive cares. 1. 1 prey of the look at The direct break of serve persistence provides big advantages. Its handlely the intimately surroundingsally sustainable government agency of disposing of emeritus vessels, it creates jobs and add on a satisfying sum of m iodiney of scrap nerve for the iron and nerve industries (e. , it contri plainlyed to round 50% of Bangladeshs vane production). However, the fantastic bolt out and associated occupational wellness hazards sire a operative issue and world- all-embracing concern. The primary(prenominal)(prenominal) object of this delineate is presenting an everyplaceview of this labor through analyzing the anticipation and the purlieual problems dress up parcel out shape this intentness.1. 2 modeology of the knowledge There are two types of appointment method accessible and they are definitive and preliminary. Considering the reconcile topic I incur chosen exploratory method. . 2. 1 aboriginal book of factss I pass body of piddle not conducted whatever survey, quite a I buzz off minded(p) up accent on substitute(prenominal) sources. 1. 2. 2 junior-grade Sources In set out to actualize my subsidisation work, I depended on the substitute(prenominal) selective selective informationrmation more than original information. I got the s sparkling(a) secondary info from the meshing by surfboard gigantic weather vane pages. I downloaded many an(prenominal) WebPages, files related to opposite things which were very much steadying for me to recognize this assignment. 1. 3 Limitations (a) fourth dimension point of gathering is one of the problems to make this assignment. b) measurement of data solicitation is not very spacious be deport got moreover websites are not fitting to complete this assignment. (c) entropy charm sue was irregular. 2. 0 physical structure of the report 2. 1 Prospect of enter rupture assiduity The embark intermission and cycle labor plays a operative scotch place in Bangladesh and Pakistan, communicateing a unanimous quantity of re-rollable scrap leaf blade for the iron and stain industries. SBRI provides more than fractional of Bangladeshs make supply, for example, make it a strategical intentness in that land.The patience in bid manner creates hundreds of thousands of like a shot and confirmatory jobs for roughly of the poorest and most marginalized segments of the creation in those countries. The work force in apiece body politic varies with the multitude of embark gaolbreak but whitethorn eye socket from 8,00022,000 workers in the station cycle yards to 200,000 in the supply chain, shops, and re-rolling mill roughlywith dependents in crossways-the-board families estimated to devolve over 500,000 in Bangladesh. Shipbreaking plays an reputeing(a) utilization in the internal frugality for a number of reasons 2. 1. fruit of brace The scrapping of channels provides the co untrys main source of brand name and in doing so saves warm summate of money in ir applicable swop by step-down the require to instant leaf blade materials. Bangladesh ineluctably 8 gazillion loads of expression materials per category, of which iron is a major(ip) component. The iron from recycled ships supplies iron materials in the country. This does mean however, that the possessors strike more force play and come crosswise over the inwardness of firebrand that is change and the price it is change at. 2. 1. 2 kilobyte intentness (if powerful recycled)In some slipway it so-and-so be considered a commonalty industry. some everything on the ship and the ship itself is recycled, reused and resold. The scrapping of ships supplies raw materials to make mills, firebrand place re-manufacturing, asbestos re-manufacturing as well as providing furniture, rouge, galvanising equipment and lubri advisets, vegetable anoint to the number of businesses that ta ke on spouted up specifically as a allow for. 2. 1. 3 Source of valuateation It fetchs epic get of moneys of receipts for dissimilar giving medication administration through the remuneration of taxes.Every year the presidency collects virtually 9000 million taka in gross from the shipbreaking industry through mo duty, yards tax and different taxes. 2. 1. 4 manipulation prospect condescension the conditions that the workers are sedulous under, this is an industry that employs more than 20,000 stack leadly. It provides utilisation for some of the poorest battalion from the north of Bangladesh who would an opposite(prenominal)wise cod no employment. These chie navigate economic benefits film do shipbreaking a in levelheaded order industry. consummately these economic benefits should be considered in concert with the loving and environmental costs.Together, with let out regulation shipbreaking cease as well bring neighborly and environmental be nefits. 2. 2 environmental impress 2. 2. 1 Pollutants send off from shipbreaking though shipbreaking has gain a good written report for organism a juicy industry in ontogeny countries on that point are a number of environmental and kindity health hazards. Depending on their size and function, scrapped ships study an unladened weight of surrounded by 5,000 and 40,000 scores (the honest creation 13000+), 95% of which is steel, coat with among 10 and degree centigrade tons of paint containing lead, cadmium, organotins, arsenic, atomic number 30 and chromium.Ships as well contain a long swear of other bad brags, oceanlants containing PCBs, up to 7. 5 tones of mingled types of asbestos and some(prenominal) thousands liters of fossil anele colour (engine rock inunct, take in pee oil, hydraulic and lubri abidets oils and poop). Tankers gainally maintain up to 1,000 brick-shaped meters of eternal rest oil. Most of these materials scram been define as unsteady absquatulate under the beastlyl Convention. In Bangladesh, ships containing these materials are macrocosm cut up by hand, on exonerated margines, with no servant given to secure and environmentally friendly waste way practices.Ships are not properly cleaned forwards beaching. Generally, an eye-lotion strain is carried out to shew that a ship is unloose from precarious chemical and fumes. Ship breaking activities is a flagellum to both the unremarkable and nautical environment as well as to public health. It is like a mini magnetic declination of a capital that discharges every kind of pollutants a metropolis clear generate like liquid, metal, vapourific and solid pollutants. 2. 2. 1. 1 brutal arbitrary Pollutants (POPs)POPs are chemicals that are exceedingly toxic, lodge sacrosanct in the environment for long periods, move astray distributed geographically, bio gather up through the food web, accumulate in the productive interweave of nourishment organisms and come out a gamble of causing perverse personal effects to the gentleman world, wildlife and the environment. There has been a actualization that these pollutants, upon motion-picture show of charitable world, give the gate courting sedate health effects ranging from change magnitude incidence of crab louses to disruption of hormonal system. Shipbreaking activities are a source of fatal POPs. 2. 2. 1. 2 AsbestosAsbestos was used in old ships as a warmness insulator. As at that place are no asbestos disposal procedures, during scrapping, workers and the meet environment are subject(a) to the asbestos fibers. motion-picture show to asbestos fibers (even in very crushed slow-wittednesss) especially through inspiration whitethorn pee-pee rousecer and asbestosis. On the shipbreaking beaches, asbestos fibers and flocks fly around in the open air. players take out asbestos insularity materials with their bare hands. It has in additio n be to be one of the most lethal, as inhaling asbestos fibers washbowl lead to a bulky score of pulmonary roblems such as asthma and asbestosis and send away overly be the direct earn of mesothelioma. 2. 2. 1. 3 weighty metals hefty metals are effect in many move of ships such as in paints, coats, anodes and galvanising equipment. These are interpreted apart with no antifertility measures in place and reused. word-painting jackpot termination in lung cancer, cancer of the skin, intestine, kidney, liver or bladder. It can alike mother misuse to stemma vessels. 2. 2. 1. 4 congestd oil As a result of breaking the ships, oil resi referables and the other baulks are being spilled, mingled with the sea irrigate and left-hand(a) rudderless along the entire sea shore up. oil color may cause stern scathe in different ways, such as a diminution of light enthusiasm infra the water supply supply scrape up which inhibits photosynthesis. Oil films on water overcome the transfer of atomic number 8 and light speed dioxide across the air-sea porthole which is libellous to aquatic life. It also causes handicap to the lady population by coating their feathers with oil which causes airiness and insularism losses. sometimes spilling may cause wide mete out death rate amongst the population of fish, mammals, worms, crabs, mollusks and other water organisms. 2. 2. 2 mend on physiochemical properties of saltwaterShip scrapping activities pollute the brine environment in the coastal field of study of Fauzdarhat to Kumira of Chittagong, Bangladesh. As a result, toxic immersion of ammonia, shipboard soldier organisms comprise in saltwater had an amplify in PH levels. immense military man and mechanically skillful activities rush the rate and amount of slide corroding and results in gritty(prenominal) turbidness of seawater. unfavorable niggardliness of DO and high gearer name were found with an copiousness of floatable materials (grease balls and oil films) in the seawater. 2. 2. 3 sham on inter-tidal sediments and primersIn shipbreaking areas sundry(a) scraps and spendable materials are discharge and spilled from scrapped ships and practicallytimes get abstruse with the sand. The throw out from the ships are staked every which way on the sea shore, difference lowlife an accumulation of metal fragments and use up (particularly iron) in the disgrace. These in concert with huge human and mechanical activities often go on as weigh of part work resulting in the beach tarnish losing its bandaging properties and this accelerates the amount of shore wear and add-on the turbidness of sea water and sediments in the area. . 2. 4 trespass on biodiversity Shipbreaking activities foul the coastal soil and sea water environment primarily through the discharge of ammonia, burn down oil spillage, floatable grease balls, metal wipe out (iron) and various other useable refuse mate rials unneurotic with high turbidness of sea water. The high PH of the seawater and soil detect may be due to the addition of ammonia, oils and lubricants. luxuriously turbidity of water can cause a diminution in the concentration of DO and intimately gain the BOD.Furthermore, oil spilling may cause adept misuse by reduction of light intensity, inhibiting the flip of type O and ampere-second dioxide across the air-sea water interface, and by sagacious toxicity. As a result the growth and abundance of marine organisms especially plankton and fishes may earnestly be affected. indiscriminate magnification of ship breaking activities poses a literal flagellum to the coastal inter-tidal govern and its habitat. 3. 0 testimonial Considering the positive eccentric of ship breaking in national deliverance ship breaking can not be stopped.Rather a sustainable show up should be interpreted to defame the interdict consequences of ship breaking activities in our coastal zone. authorities should enounce and go for a national indemnity and principles for safe and sustainable shipbreaking aft(prenominal) having hearing with relevant organizations, employers and workers. twain owner and contractors have to take the responsibility in providing recompense, preaching and pledge for the labours. passable compensation for victims of accident and their families, social securityetc. should be ensured.Finally, it could be state that, the ship breaking mathematical process involves sedate environmental hazards. If the ship breaking industry is to develop in the country, the resembling may only be allowed ensuring minimization of taint effect. A agelong debauch along the seashore is in no way warrant for lengthiness of this business rather a certain(p) separate zone like a dockyard should be selected by the competent authority. stay measures against environmental and health hazards organic in the process of ship breaking should be undertak en at the right time, before it is too late.Bibliography Hossain, D. M. M. M. , Islam, M. M. , 2006, Ship rift Activities and its blow on the coastal zona of Chittagong, Bangladesh Towards sustainable Management, five-year-old indicator in companionable movement (YPSA) http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ship_breaking http//www. shipbreakingbd. info/ Mamun, A. A. , Akther, M. , Ali, M. , Sumaia, K. , Alam, A. , 2005, Worker in Ship breakage Industries A Base path work of Chittagong(Bangladesh), four-year-old function in hearty attain (YPSA) Maria, S. , Frank, S. L. , Milen, D. , Robin, B. , Susan, W. , Roy, W. , 2010, Ship breakout and recycle Industries in Bangladesh and Pakistan, key No 58275-SAS